How to save important energy and Earth?

1. How to save important energy and Earth? APEC ( Abundant Potential Energy in Creativity) • Created by • Phil Jae Chang • NurehsanAbdZabar • GhinaVerinaRahman • Muhammad NurSadiqin Bin MohdKhusni • Duc Chi Hoang • Minseok Kim • Eun Jin Kim

2. Contents Problem (Introduction, Hook) Studying and giving solution Introduce to Our new device Estimated effect(…)

3. Earth is changing!! • Global Warming • Climate Change • Lack of energy resources

4. Problems • Lack of fresh water • We need eco-friendly energy to save Earth • We need to save natural resources like fossil fuels • We must create a world free from pollution

5. Need for Renewable Energy • Quick changes in Earth’s condition • Depletion of fossil fuels • Rapid Development in renewable energies • Many new building use renewable energy

6. What about this..? Generating electricity with only nature energy sources Not only for energy, But for other works Not harming the existing environment Not emitting any harmful gas on Earth

7. Our idea • Integrating tidal generating and wind generating • Why tidal and why wind? • Desalination

8. Issue 1. Battery Rechargeable battery (Secondary battery) The reason why we need rechargeable battery is because we are going to use the battery to store and keep using electricity over and over Reversible electrical reaction Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion

9. Issue 1. Battery • Li-air battery • lithium anode is electrochemically coupled to atmospheric oxygen through an air cathode • 4Li + O2 → 2Li2O; Go = -268 kCal (Eo = 2.91 V) [1] This has a theoretical specific energy of 5210 Wh/kg. The theoretical specific energy excluding oxygen is 40.1 MJ/kg which almost reaches to 44 MJ/kg(gasoline).

10. Issue 2. Materials • Requirement of material • Strong to heat • Water proof… • Not heavy • Do not consist of heavy metals

11. Issue 2. Materials Decision - Use duralumin and brass as cover Duralumin Naval Brass -made of Aluminum and Copper-strong, and also light -waterproof -expensive -Brass( zinc + copper)+ Tin( for water proof) -Cheap - Strong, and also light

12. Issue 2. Materials • The use of duralumin • Use to cover up the battery and prevent it from leaking • Use to plate to surface of the buoy • Water resistance • The use of naval brass • Economically beneficial since it is cheap • Waterproof which protect corrosion in the inside of the buoy

13. Issue 3. Setting up and Environment • Atmospheric circulation • system of atmospheric motions over the Earth on the scale of the whole globe • Oceanic circulation • a continuous, directed movement of ocean water generated by the forces acting upon these flows

14. Issue 3. Setting up and Environment • General circulation • Oceanic circulation • Atmospheric circulation • Where will be proper?

15. Issue 3. Setting up and Environment • Proper place to set up our buoy • Where a lot of wind blows • Where there is a lot of waves • It needs lot of data from world’s sea areas.

16. Issue 4. Desalination • Traditional desalination mechanisms • Distillation: too expensive • Reverse osmosis: needs high pressure • Electrodialysis: cannot prevent bacteria or pathogens • Another problem: desalted water is need in poor countries, but desalination process can be operated by rich countries.

17. Issue 4. Desalination • Using ‘ion concentration polarization (ICP)’ • Can be operated in small devices • Covers bad points of traditional methods • Nano technology for selection

18. Issue 5. Impact on Ecosystem Use ultrasonic to control fish for safety Have protects from attack of shark Secure safety of the battery Introduce A.I. to move itself

19. Issue 5. Impact on Ecosystem • Ultrasonic censors • work on a principle similar toradar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. • generate high frequency sound waves • evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor

20. Issue 5. Impact on Ecosystem • Using Artificial Intelligence(A.I.) • Used to adjust to the condition of the ocean and investigate the marine ecosystem • Used to navigate the buoy • Forecast the weather automatically and predict how much energy profit there is going to be.

21. Issue 6. Energy Which will be most suitable for buoy? What are possible options of Energy? How are they going to operate?

22. Issue 6. Energy • The reason for choosing wind and wave energy • Solar energy need exact calculation of the place to set the solar pad. • Unlike solar energy, wind and wave energy have this advantage that place is not limited. • In the sea, wind blowing speed is twice faster than that on land • In the sea, waves are abundant

23. Issue 6. Energy • Wind Energy • the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy • Wave Energy • capture the energy that is being generated naturally by waves. • get their energy from the wind passing over the surface of the sea

24. Issue 6. Energy

25. Generating Buoy • Electrically generated by wind and wave energy. • Wind energy is the main source of energy • Very profitable since wind is fast in the ocean • Wave energy is the supporting source of energy • Always used since waves are abundant • Most effective when there is no wind blowing

26. What Can It Do? Pump -> sea water Sea water cools the battery and the system Desalting process with generated energy If energy is remaining, save to battery. We can use the energy of battery for other purpose

27. Estimated Effect Increasing producing desalted water rate Can be used for investigating sea Because of its appearance, can be used for also a lighthouse or milestone with LED lights. Can definitely create alternative energy

28. Thank you

29. References Sung Jae Kim, Sung HeeKo, Kwan Hyoung Kang and Jongyoon Han, Direct seawater desalination by ion concentration polarization, Nature Nanotechnology, 2010.