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Gutenberg • 17th Century Printing
“The small coteries of intelligentsia who n had surrounded individual scribal schools abdicated to an anonymous literate public. This in turn forced printers to standardize their texts to ensure widest comprehension, turning local dialects into national tongues; this standardization led to the ‘written languages’ of Europe…” (Fischer, pg 272)
Font Samples • Garamond • Times New Roman Chancery Italic, 1501
Phonetic verses Print • “Printing with movable type changed language itself. Until the age of printing, every scribe who was writing creatively– that is, not copying,-- wrote phonetically. He (only rarely she) tried to reproduce each word as he spoke it…Printers usually printed the language of the commercial centre where their books were sold. This was done in order to be understood by the largest number of potential clients…” (pg 283)
Printing verses Electronic? • Paper Use? • Fonts and Readability? • Distribution? • Spelling? • Punctuation?