Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer Lecture 15 May 18, 2014

‘Īd Prayer

‘Īd Prayer • The two ‘Īd’s: ‘Īdal-Fitr (1st of Shawwal) and ‘Īd al-Adha(10th of Dhu ‘l-Hijjah) • The two ‘Īdprayers are wajib on the one for whom the Jumu’ah prayer is fard, with same conditions • Except for the khutbah, which is sunnah for ‘Īd • Time for the ‘Īd prayer begins after the sun has sufficiently risen and lasts until zawal (mid-day) • Better to pray earlier • The ‘Īdprayer must be performed in congregation • If one misses the ‘Īd prayer, cannot pray by himself

‘Īd Prayer • The ‘Īdprayer consists of 2 rak’at with 6 extra takbirs • Three takbirs given before the recitation of Qur’an in the 1strak’at • After reciting the thana’ • Three takbirs given after the recitation of Qur’an in the 2ndrak’at • Before going into ruku • For each of these six takbirs, the hands are raised as are during the TakbirTahrima, and then dropped to one’s side • Imam recites out loud • Sunnah to recite Surat al-’Ala and Surat al-Ghashiya

‘Īd Prayer • The ‘Īdkhutbah is sunnah to perform after the ‘Īd prayer • If the ‘Īdkhutbah is delivered, wajib to listen attentively • Everything disliked/prohibited during the Jumu’ahkhutbah also applies for the ‘Īdkhutbah • The khutbah is delivered similarly to the Jumu’ahkhutbah • For ‘Īd al-Fitr, the imam should include teaching the rules regarding the Sadaqat al-Fitr • For ‘Īd al-Adha, the imam should include teaching the rules of the sacrifice and the TakbirTashriq

‘Īd Prayer • Makruh to perform any nafl prayer before the ‘Īdprayer at home or at the ‘Īd grounds • Makruh to perform nalf prayer after the ‘Īd prayer at the ‘Īd grounds • The prayer for ‘Īd al-Fitr can be delayed for one day with valid excuse • Ex. Heavy rain, security issues, etc. • If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is invalid • The prayer for ‘Īd al-Adha can be delayed for three days with valid excuse • If delayed without valid excuse, prayer is makruh but still valid

Sunnahs of ‘Īd • The sunnahs of ‘Īdare: • Keep the night of ‘Īd alive with worship • Eat an odd number of dates or something else sweet • For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to eat before the prayer • For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to eat after the prayer • Perform ghusl,, apply scent, use the miswak • Wear one’s finest clothes • To pay the Sadaqat ‘l-Fitr before going for the prayer • For ‘Īd al-Fitr only • To walk toward the ‘Īd grounds • To recite the takbirs of ‘Īd on the way until before the ‘Īd prayer • For ‘Īd al-Fitr, sunnah to recite silently • For ‘Īd al-Adha, sunnah to recite out loud • To return home from the prayer by a different route

TakbirTashriq • Wajib to recite the TakbirTashriq after every fard prayer beginning from Fajr of 9thDhu’l-Hijjah until Asr of 13th Dhu’l-Hijjah • Total of 23 prayers • Must be recited once immediately after every fard prayer • Including Jumu’ah prayer • Must be recited by everyone, male or female, whether praying in congregation or by oneself • Women should recite silently

Tarawih

Tarawih • Emphasized sunnah prayer for both men and women during the nights of Ramadan • Consist of 20 rak’at (performed in sets of two, with 10 sets of salams) • Valid only after the Isha prayer (until Fajr) • Best to prayer Witr after Tarawih • To perform in congregation is an emphasized sunnah for men • Sunnahkifaya – communal sunnah • Recommended to rest after every 4 rak’at • For as much time as was required to perform the 4 rak’at

Tarawih • Sunnah to perform a khatm (complete recitation) of the entire Qur’an once in the Tarawih prayer • If too burdensome for congregation, can recite shorter lengths of Qur’an • Should not shorten other parts of the prayer • i.e. skipping the thana’, basmala, ta’awwudh, etc.

Correcting the Imam

Correcting the Imam • If the imam forgetfully adds a 3rdsajdah • The follower will not follow the imam • Will instead indicate by saying “subhanAllah” • Will then continue prayer with imam and perform sahw with him • If imam forgetfully stood after the final sitting • Indicate to imam and wait for him to return • If imam returns before performing sajdah of extra rak’at, complete prayer with imam • If imam performed sajdah of extra rak’at, the follower is now separate from the imam – give salam individually and exit prayer • Correcting recitation

Janazah and Burial

Last Moments • Sunnah to keep dying person on his right side, facing Qiblah • Or on his back, feet toward Qiblah, head slightly raised • As long as undue difficulty • Sunnah to perform talqin • Repeatedly reciting shahadatayn(two testimonies of faith) in a soft voice • Should not command him to recite the shahadatayn • When the person passes away, his jaws should be closed and fastened, and his eyes should be shut

Du’a • The one closing his eyes should say: In the name of Allah, and on the way of the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, make his affair smooth for him; ease for him that which is to follow; make him happy by his meeting You; and make that which he has gone off to better than that which he has left

Washing Body • Next his ‘awrah should be covered, and the rest of his clothing removed • He will be given a wudu (except for rinsing mouth and nose) • Hair (and beard) are washed with soap and water • Then his body will be washed (ideally thrice) • Body placed on its left side, and body is washed from right to left • Body then placed on right side, and body washed from left to right • Body is then seated, stomach is wiped gently, and a third wash with pure water is given • Body then dried with a towel

Preparing Body • Hair (and beard) should not be combed • Hair and nails should not be trimmed • Perfume is applied to the hair and beard of men • Camphor is applied to the body parts used to perform sajdah • Feet, knees, hands, forehead and nose • Funeral shrouds should be perfumed with incense an odd number of times and wrapped around the body

Burial Shrouds • Sunnah to use white cotton cloth from the quality of that which they would wear in their life • For men: • Bottom wrap (izar) will extend from the head to the feet • Top wrap (qamis) will extend from base of the neck to the bottom of the feet • Outer wrap (lifafah) will extend from the head to the feet, long enough to wrap the entire body and enough extra cloth to tie the shroud • Turban is makruh

Burial Shrouds • For women: • The izar, qamis and lifafah is the same as for men • Veil (khimar) will cover the face and head • Chest cloth (khirqa) will tie around the chest • The izar and lifafah are sufficient to fulfil the obligation for a man • The izar, lifafah and khimar are sufficient to fulfil the obligation for a woman • The bare minimum for both men and women is based on whatever is available

Janazah Prayer • Janazah prayer is a fardkifayah • Intention is made to pray for the sake of Allah and to supplicate for the deceased, behind the imam • Body of deceased must be in front of imam • Includes 4 takbirs and final salams • Followers will repeat the takbirs softly • Hands are only raised on the initial takbir • After first takbir, hands will be tied and remain tied for duration of prayer • All followers will recite du’as softly behind the imam

Janazah Prayer • After first takbir (takbirtahrima): recite the thana’ • After second takbir: salawat on the Prophet ﷺ • After third takbir: supplication for the deceased • Page 197 • After fourth takbir: the two closing salams will be given behind the imam

Janazah Prayer • Janazah prayer should not be delayed once the person has passed and the body has been prepared • Disliked to delay for purpose of attracting a larger crowd • All pre-conditions of normal prayer apply the Janazah prayer • No Qur’an recitation, ruku, sajdah or sitting in Janazah prayer • Can be performed after fard of Fajr or Asr • Should not be performed in other prohibited times (sunrise, sunset and zenith) • Deceased must be a Muslim • Janazah prayer should not be prayed over certain people • Janazah prayer does not need to be in congregation

Janazah Prayer • One does not make du’a of forgiveness in the Janazah prayer (after 3rdtakbir) for a child or insane person • Because they are sinless • Instead, du’a is made to seek blessing through them • A baby in whom the sign of life was seen or heard but died immediately • Will be named, washed, wrapped in shroud, prayed over and buried • Prayer is not offered for still-born child

Burial • Recommended to move reasonably fast when carrying the body for burial • Preferable to walk behind the procession • Disliked to make dhikr/recite Qur’an out loud while following • May make dhikr silently, or remain silent • Disliked to sit before the casket is lowered into grave • Grave should be dug the height of a body • At least half a body • Can be dug as lahd (an L-shape in the ground) or shaqq (straight down)

Burial • The one lowering the body says: “In the name of Allah, and on the way of the Messenger of Allah” • Body is directed toward qiblah while on its right side • Knots of the shroud are untied • Mustahabb to hold sheet over the top of the grave for a woman while body is being placed in it • Grave will be covered with pieces of bamboo, thin wooden planks or raw bricks, then soil poured over it • Mustahabb to start feet-first with men, head-first with women

Burial • Those present should throw three handfuls of dirt into the grave, with each handful saying: • “From it (the earth) We created you” • “And to it We will return you” • “And from it We will raise you once again” – Qur’an 20:55

Burial • After dirt is poured into grave, should be rounded on its top with an elevation of a hand’s span or more, resembling the hump of a camel • Recommended to recite Qur’an and make du’a for the deceased • Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 1-5, at the head • Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 285-286, at the feet

Burial • A casket should not be used in the grave • Unless required by law • Haram to build on the grave for adornment • Permissible to place bricks/stones on top to prevent grave from being desecrated • Visiting graveyard is a sunnah • Should greet the decased, recite Qur’an and supplicate for the deceased • Careful to not step on or over any graves

Martyr • A martyr (shahid)is one who is killed by enemy combatants, rebels or highway brigands, robbers in one’s house, or unjustly by a Muslim with a sharp object • A martyr will not be washed • Will be buried with his blood and in his clothes • Janazah prayer will be performed over him in this state • Unless he/she was in a state of major ritual impurity upon death

Questions?

Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer