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While manual fare collection may feel like a thing of the past, many public transport networks still depend on it.<br>In contrast, cities in developed regions often operate fully automated fare collection (AFC) systemsu2014yet most of them still use open-loop payments.<br>The problem? Security often remains the weakest link.<br>From ticket fraud and revenue losses to data leaks and compliance gaps, the risks are only increasing as transit systems digitize without retaining full control. A single breach can erode public trust and leave operators on the defensive.<br>
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