Sustainable built Environment

1. Sustainable built Environment Chapter 14:Commissioning and Energy Management

2. Contents • 14.1 Introduction • 14.2 Building Commissioning • 14.3 Energy Management • 14.4 Energy Performance Contracting A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

3. 14.1 Introduction • WhatisBuilding Commissioning and Energy Management? • Why Commissioning and Energy Management? A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

4. Building Commissioning Commissioning is a planned and integrated systematic process to ensure, through documented verification, that all Building Systems perform interactively according to the design intent. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

5. Energy Management Energy management refers to the use of management technologies to determine the operation characteristics of energy-using equipment and processes so that the maximum energy utilization efficiency is achieved. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

6. Why Commission and Energy Management • Two main benefits 1.The Owner can have assurance of a correctly operating building at completion. 2.The Owner can have a basis for confidence in continued correct operation because of documentation and staff training. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

7. Why Commission and Energy Management • Benefits in other aspects 1. To reduce the changes of the project 2. To reduce the delay of the project 3. To shorten construction investment recovery period 4. To eliminate or weaken potential problems cause by design flaws A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

8. Why Commission and Energy Management • Benefits in other aspects 5. To improve the indoor environment and work efficiency 6. To enhance the maintainability of the building 7. To reduce building energy consumption and operating costs 8. To improve the construction quality and value through strict quality control A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

9. Current Situation With building energy consumption accounts for more and more proportion of social total energy consumption，our government has made energy-saving emission reduction as a basic national policy and started a series of related work of building energy—saving． Butthere are also some blanks in management of building energy． A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

10. Commercial buildings • For reasons of economic interests, commercial buildings generally attaches great importance to building energy management. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

11. Government office buildings • The government office buildings belong to nonprofit, from the economic perspective, the government department pays no attention to the building energy management . A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

12. 14.2 Building Commissioning • 14.2.1 The Building Commissioning Process • 14.2.2 Relationship between Building Commissioning and TAB A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

13. To enhance exchanges and cooperation among the relevant project team members 14.2Building Commissioning To ensure the team has a very clear understanding of the target 1 To make relevant problems appeared early as far as possible, to avoid affect the later process. 2 3 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

14. Predesign Planning Retro-commissioning The Design Stage Building Commissioning Process The Bidding Stage Testing Early Construction 14.2.1 The Building Commissioning Process A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

15. The Commissioning Process—Predesign /Planning Description and Activities: Give documents to confirm architectural design intents and design concepts Acquire appropriate design which meet user's requirements • Deliver the design intent, including its concept A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

16. The Commissioning Process—Predesign /Planning Design Team Project Manager Responsibilities: Commissioning Authority A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

17. The Commissioning Process—The Design Stage A comprehensive review files Assessment and suggestion Tasks Project of commissioning A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

18. Designers take full responsibility for the design The Commissioning Process—The Design Stage Responsibilities: 1 Designers * Give evaluation and advice on the basis of the contract documents * Investigate the design projection Commissioning Authority 2 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

19. The Commissioning Process—The bidding Stage works： * Attend the bidding meeting * Record the questions and correspondinganswers of bidding meeting * Record the questions and correspondinganswers after bidding meeting * Give a assessment to the bid budgets * Screening bidders according to the budget A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

20. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage 1 Early Construction ConstructionStage 2 Static Inspection 3 Startup (Functional Verification) 4 Shakedown (Performance Verification) 5 O&M Staff Training and Documentation A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

21. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage The preparatory committee of construction 1 2 The final monitoring commissioning plans Thetime schedule of construction Early Construction 4 The list of equipments and materials 3 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

22. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage Static Inspection Confirm the correctnesse of quipment installation A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

23. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage Startup (Functional Verification) Run the equipment in a variety of rate Testing-Adjusting and Balancing A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

24. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage Shakedown (Performance Verification) Sampling inspection on the TAB-report A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

25. Recommend building operation maintenance personnel Making maintenance plans Givea assessment of the chart of equipment operation Startup sequence diagram of main system and equipment The list of equipment which property transferred to the consumer The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage O&M Staff Training and Documentation O&M Staff Training A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

26. Equipment warranty and the procedure of maintenance application The list of what need during the first year of running Reviewthe manual of maintenance and operation Supervise the training work of maintenance personnel The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage O&M Staff Training and Documentation O&M Staff Training A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

27. The Commissioning Process—ConstructionStage Documentation A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

28. The Commissioning Process—Warranty Review&Seasonal Testing • The First Year of Building Operation Issues may arise during the one-year warranty period, but if the building commissioning process has been well done, the issues should be minor and readily handled by the O&M staff. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

29. The Commissioning Process—Warranty Review&Seasonal Testing • Seasonal Testing It is likely that certain parts of the building mechanical system cannot be adequately tested due to the season of the completion. For instance, testing of a boiler system might be difficult in the summer and testing of a chiller and cooling tower might be difficult in the winter. For this reason, Commissioning Plans should include off-season testing to allow testing certain equipment under the most appropriate test conditions. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

30. 文本 Object The existing building system Confirm the original intention of building Works Check it whether meet the requirements of now or change it to meet the requirements The Commissioning Process—Retro-commissioning A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

31. 文本 Diffrences 文本 Fundamental Commissioning Level The whole process of system construction 14.2.2 Relationship between Building Commissioning and TAB Building Commissioning TAB Additional commissioning period The latter period of building testing Period A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

32. How could we manage the energy a lot more efficient ? Jiang Changliang A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

33. 14.3 Energy management 14.3.1 The steps of energy management 14.3.1.1 Steps of energy management 14.3.1.2 Evaluation of energy conservation effect 14.3.2 The approach of energy management Contents 14.3.2.1 life cycle energy analysis (LCEA) 14.3.2.2 Energy used in a building’s life cycle 14.3.2.3 Energy management in a building’s life cycle 14.3.3 The monitoring of building energy 14.3.3.1 Building energy audit 14.3.3.2 Building energy management automation system A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment 33

34. Obtain total management commitment 14.3.1 The steps of energy management Obtain employee cooperation 14.3.1.1 Steps of energy management Conduct an energy survey Identify problems and solutions develop energy-saving targets Make appropriate adjustments Keep consumption records Perform energy-saving programs satisfy discontent Monitor results A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

35. 14.3.1.2 Evaluation of energy conservation effect Make correct evaluations Building owners Relevant experience Equipment suppliers Property management A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

36. The aim to make evaluations Determine the best conservation strategy which provides the shortest paybacks period; Help those understand a lot better on the interests brought by the energy conservation with different techniques. The basis of the evaluation Only with the  precise data of investment and energy saving will the result be convincing and will the corresponding schemes be compared. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

37. 14.3.2 The approach of energy management 14.3.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool for systematically analyzing environmental performance of products or processes over their entire life cycle, including raw material extraction, manufacturing, use, and end-of-life(EOL) disposal and recycling. The framework of LCA is illustrated as follows. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

38. LCA framework based on ISO 14040 A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

39. 14.3.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Energy Analysis (LCEA) Life cycle energy analysis(LCEA) is an approach that accounts for all energy inputs to a building in its life cycle . The system boundaries of this analysis include the energy use of the following phases: manufacture, use, and demolition. The system boundaries of this analysis are illustrated as follows. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

40. Manufacturing Phase-Embodied Energy Use Phase-Operational Energy Demolition Phase-Demolition Energy A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

41. 14.3.2.2 Energy used in a building’s life cycle Embodied energy Embodied energy: Energy content of all the materials used in the building and technical installations, and energy incurred at the time of new construction and renovation of the building. Demolition energy Refurbished energy Operational energy A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

42. 14.3.2.2 Energy used in a building’s life cycle Refurbished energy indicates the energy consumed during the construction and operation period when the building needs to refurbish and keeps in repair .The amount of energy is determined by two factors (the amount of renovation and the elements refurbished of the building). Embodied energy Demolition energy Operational energy Refurbished energy A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

43. 14.3.2.2 Energy used in a building’s life cycle Embodied energy Operational energy : Energy required for maintaining comfort conditions and day-to-day maintenance of the buildings. Energy for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), domestic hot water, lighting, and for running appliances. Demolition energy Operational energy Refurbished energy A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

44. 14.3.2.2 Energy used in a building’s life cycle Refurbished energy Demolition energy : Energy required at the end of the buildings′ service life to demolish it and to transport the material to landfill sites and/or recycling plants. Embodied energy Demolition energy Operational energy A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

45. 14.3.2.3 Energy management in a building’s life cycle Energy management operational stage design stage construction stage demolition stage While there is no energy consumption in this stage, this part plays a significant role in a building’s life cycle. This stage’s energy amount to a relatively small portion.But this part may cause great environment problems which should be put on the agenda. The building energy consumption in this stage is closely related to the building energy management. It is widely ignored by people simply because the amount of energy in this stage is not big enough to be taken seriously. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

46. 14.3.3 The monitoring of building energy 14.3.3.1 Building energy audit Building energy audit is just a kind of tests for the energy consumption, which can help owners or the property management companies find out a new scheme that can save a lot more energy. With the help of the audit, the energy manager could found an audit program ,which can illustrate the change of the energy consumption with time. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

47. Sources of audit information Assemble copies of all monthly utility bills. Characterize utility bills and organize them into 12-month blocks. Familiar with meters and label them Determine which facility or space is being served by each meter. Obtain historical energy data to establish a base year. Obtain degree-day data. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

48. 14.3.3.2 Building energy management automation system 1 What is EMS ? An energy management system (EMS) is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation or transmission system. BEMS is short for Building Energy Management System that are used to monitor, measure, and control the electrical building loads.  A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

49. 2 Application Energy management systems can be used to centrally control devices like HVAC units and lighting systems across multiple locations, such as retail, grocery and restaurant sites. Energy management systems can also provide metering, sub metering, and monitoring functions that allow facility and building managers to gather data and insight that allows them to make more informed decisions about energy activities across their sites. 3 Function The function of the BEMS is illustrated as follows. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment

50. Scheduled start/stop Economizer control Optimal start/stop Temperature setback/setup, reset functions Trend logging and reporting Equipment optimization Duty cycling Energy use and demand monitoring Status monitoring and alarm Maintenance history reporting Demand limiting A Multidisciplinary Approach to Curriculum Development in Sustainable Built Environment