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Introduction 1

Introduction 1. The Andean Countries: Political. Introduction 3. Guide to Reading. Main Idea. Although it has many resources, Colombia faces political and economic turmoil. . Terms to Know. cordillera . mestizo  republic  campesino . llanos  cash crop . Places to Locate.

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Introduction 1

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  1. Introduction 1

  2. The Andean Countries: Political Introduction 3

  3. Guide to Reading Main Idea Although it has many resources, Colombia faces political and economic turmoil. Terms to Know • cordillera  • mestizo  • republic  • campesino  • llanos  • cash crop  Places to Locate • Colombia  • Cartagena  • Medellín  • Cali • Andes  • Magdalena River  • Bogotá  Section 1-1

  4. Colombia’s Land and Climate • Colombia borders the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.  • The Andes sweep through the western part of Colombia. Here they become a cordillera, or a group of mountain ranges that run side by side.  • Colombia’s major river is the Magdalena River, and its capital and largest city is Bogotá. (pages 255–256) Section 1-4

  5. Section 1-3

  6. Colombia’s Land and Climate (cont.) • Nearly 80 percent of Colombia’s people live in the valleys and highland plateaus of the Andes.  • In northeast Colombia, one finds ranchers living on the hot grasslands called the llanos. (pages 255–256) Section 1-5

  7. Colombia’s Land and Climate (cont.) What is Colombia’s climate? Colombia lies entirely within the tropics. Temperatures are very hot, and heavy rains fall along the coast and in the interior plains. In the high altitudes of the Andes, however, temperatures are very cool for a tropical area. (pages 255–256) Section 1-6

  8. Colombia’s Economy • Colombia has more coal than any other country in South America and it has vast hydroelectric power and petroleum reserves. It is the world’s number one source of emeralds.  • Coffee is the country’s major cash crop–a product sold for export.  • Other agricultural products include bananas, cacao, sugarcane, rice, and cotton. (pages 257–258) Section 1-7

  9. Colombia’s Economy (cont.) • Colombia’s problem crop is coca leaves– which is used to make the drug cocaine.  • Drug dealers have used their immense profits to build private armies, and they persuade farmers to grow the crop as opposed to coffee.  What products do Colombian factories produce? Colombian factories produce clothing,leather goods, food products, paper, chemicals, and iron and steel products. (pages 257–258) Section 1-8

  10. Section 1-On Location

  11. Colombia’s History and People • Nearly all Colombians are mestizos, meaning they have mixed European and Native American or African backgrounds. Most speak Spanish and follow the Roman Catholic faith.  • In 1810 Colombia declared independence.  • In 1819 it became a part of New Granada along with Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. (pages 258–259) Section 1-9

  12. Colombia’s History and People (cont.) • Later, Colombia became a separate country. Colombia’s government is a republic with an elected president. Political violence has scarred the country’s history, though.  • Colombia has a rapidly growing urban population.  • Colombian farmers, or campesinos, and their families have journeyed to cities to look for work or to flee the fighting in the countryside. (pages 258–259) Section 1-10

  13. Colombia’s History and People (cont.) What did Simón Bolívar accomplish for Colombia that he also accomplished for Venezuela?  Bolívar led the struggle for independence. (pages 258–259) Section 1-11

  14. Match the term to the letter of the correct definition. ___ cordillera ___ llanos ___ cash crop ___ mestizo ___ republic ___ campesino A. person of mixed European and Native American or African ancestry B. a product sold for export C. Colombian farmers D. a group of mountain ranges that run side by side E. having an elected president F. hot grasslands D F B A E C Section 1-13

  15. 2.EconomicsColombia is the world’s number one source of what mineral?  3.Movements What are two reasons campesinos and their families have moved to the cities?  4. Economics What are four agricultural products of Colombia?  Colombia is the world’s number one source of emeralds. Campesinos and their families moved to the cities to look for work and to flee fighting in the countryside. Agricultural products of Colombia include coffee, bananas, cacao, sugarcane, rice, and cotton. Section 1-14

  16. 5.Analyzing Cause and EffectWhy does Bogotá, which is located in the tropics, have an average temperature of 67°F?  6.Drawing Conclusions Why do you think it is so difficult for Colombian farmers to stop growing coca?  The climate is made mild by the city’s high altitude. If is difficult for farmers to stop growing coca because they make more money growing coca than from growing any other crop. Section 1-15

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