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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

This piece examines the evolution of psychology as a scientific discipline, tracing its historical roots from ancient beliefs to contemporary theories. We delve into the mythology surrounding figures like Narcissus and Echo, highlighting the interplay between ancient philosophy and modern psychological thought. Key psychological perspectives are outlined, including structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, and behaviorism, showcasing how each has contributed to our understanding of behavior and mental processes. Discover the foundations laid by pioneers such as Wundt, James, and Freud, and explore the influential frameworks of contemporary psychology.

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INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

  2. What is Psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mentalprocesses.

  3. Where did the science of psychology come from? "Trinity" by Orlando Tisato

  4. Theology – “Messages from the Gods” "... it is by no means to everyone that the gods grant a clear sight of themselves." [Homer, Odyssey 16.160] Narcissus and Echo Narcissus was a youth possessed of incredible beauty, and while everyone who saw him loved him, males as well as females, he spurned them all through pride.  The hapless nymph Echo, whom Hera had punished by turning her speech into a repetition of what others said, came across Narcissus in a glade and pleaded with him, using his own words, to love her.  He rejected her.  Artemis grew angry and caused him to fall in love with himself.  Narcissus came to a clear pond and became enraptured when he saw his reflection.  He sat down and gazed longingly at himself hour upon hour.  At length he desperately killed himself with a knife, unable to bear his self-love, and where his blood fell grew up the narcissus flower, which has medicinal properties.  Echo repeated his dying word, "Alas!"

  5. Greek Philosophers& The Golden Age (480 – 399)

  6. The Physicalists - physical causes of neural and mental processes

  7. Psychologists

  8. Wundt – Structuralism

  9. William James – Functionalism; “When two elementary brain-processes have been active together in immediate succession, one of them, on reoccurring, tends to propagate its excitement into the other” (James, 1890/1983, p. 534)

  10. Sigmund Freud – Psychoanalysis

  11. John Watson – Behaviorism;

  12. Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow – Humanism Rogers

  13. Contemporary Psychology • Biological – nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, genetics • Psychodynamic – Freudian; unconscious influence • Behavioral – observable, laws of learning • Humanist – people naturally seek to self-actualize • Cognitive – mental processes • Cross-Cultural – cultural influence • Evolutionary Perspective -- survival of the fittest

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