THE CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)

1. THE CONTROL OF HAZARDOUS ENERGY (LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)

2. Lockout/Tagout Overview • Covers the servicing and maintenance of equipment where the unexpected energization or start up of equipment, or release of stored energy could cause injury • Establishes minimum performance requirements for controlling hazardous energy • All new equipment installed after January 2, 1990, must be designed to accept lockout of its energy-isolating device

3. Lockout/Tagout Overview (continued) • Promulgated January 2, 1990 • Covers 39 million workers • Standard intended to • Save 122 lives • Reduce 28,400 lost-workday injuries • Reduce 31,900 non-lost workday injuries

4. History • More citations • More costly fines • 95% of all lockout/tagout citations involve the failure to have a formal Energy Control Program in place • Remains near the top of OSHA’s list of most frequently violated standard

5. Related References • 29 CFR 1910.147, The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) • 29 CFR 1910.146, Permit-Required Confined Spaces • 29 CFR 1910.331-335, Safety-Related Work Practices • 29 CFR 1910.269, Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution • 29 CFR 1926.417, Lockout and Tagging of Circuits

6. Purpose • Requires employers to train “authorized” employees • When and how to shut down machinery • Drain and isolate all energy sources • Verify the absence of energy • Safely restart equipment when maintenance or repair is complete • Mandated awareness training of “affected” workers (equipment operators, etc.)

7. Exemptions • Construction • Agriculture • Maritime • Installation under the exclusive control of electric utilities for the purpose of power generation, transmission and distribution, including related equipment for communication or metering • Oil and gas well drilling services

8. Exemptions (continued) • Servicing and/or maintenance during normal production unless the employee: • Is required to remove or bypass a guard or other safety device • Is required to place any part of his/her body into an area on a machine or piece of equipment where: • Work is actually performed upon the material being processed (point of operation) • An associated danger zone exists during a machine operating cycle

9. Exemptions(continued) • If work is routine, repetitive, and integral to the use of the equipment for production • Minor tool changes • Adjustments • Other minor servicing activities • Work on cord and plug • Must be able to disconnect cord • Must be under the exclusive control of the employee

10. Additional Exceptions • Machine has no potential for stored or residual energy, or reaccumulation of stored after shutdown • Has a single source that can be easily identified and isolated • Isolating and locking out the energy source will completely de-energize and deactivate the equipment • The equipment is isolated from an energy source and locked out during maintenance

11. Additional Exceptions(continued) • A single lockout device will achieve a lock condition • The lockout is under the exclusive control of and in the view of the authorized employee performing the servicing and maintenance • The servicing or maintenance does not create hazards for other employees • There have been no accidents involving unexpected energization of the equipment while taking advantage of this exception

12. Definitions • Authorized Employee: • A person who locks or tags out equipment in order to perform servicing or maintenance

13. Definitions(continued) • Affected employee: • Job requires employee to operate or use equipment on which servicing or maintenance is being performed under lockout and tagout conditions • Job requires the employee to work in an area in which such servicing or maintenance is being performed Note: Becomes an authorized employee when that employee's duties include performing servicing or maintenance

14. Definitions(continued) • Capable of Being Locked Out: • An energy isolating device is capable of being locked out if it has a hasp or other means of attachment to which, or through which, a lock can be affixed, or it has a locking mechanism built into it • Energized: • Connected to an energy source or containing residual or stored energy

15. Definitions (continued) • Energy isolating device: • A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy: • Manually operated electrical circuit breaker • A disconnect switch • Line valve • A block • Any similar device used to block or isolate energy Note: Push button, selector switches and other control devices are not energy isolating devices

16. Definitions (continued) • Energy Sources: • Mechanical • Hydraulic • Electrical • Gas • Pneumatic • Water • Chemical • Thermal • Other stored energy (Springs, capacitors, etc)

17. Definitions (continued) • Lockout/Tagout: • The placement of a lock/tag on an energy isolating device, in accordance with an established procedure, to ensure that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lock and tag is removed

18. Definitions(continued) • Lockout device: • A device that utilizes a positive means such as a lock either key or combination type, to hold an energy isolating device in the safe position and prevents the energizing of a equipment • Included are blank flanges and bolted slip blinds

19. Definitions (continued) • Servicing/maintenance activities • Constructing • Installing • Setting up • Adjusting • Inspecting • Modifying • Lubricating • Cleaning or unjamming equipment • Making adjustments or tool changes

20. Definitions(continued) • Tagout device: • A warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachment • Can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled can not be operated until the tag is removed

21. Energy Control Program • Must clearly and specifically outline the: • Scope • Purpose • Authorization • Rules • Techniques to be utilized for lockout/tagout, and means to enforce compliance

22. Energy Control Program(continued) • Must include: • A statement of the intended used of the procedure • Specific steps for shutting down, isolating, blocking, and securing equipment to control hazardous energy • Specific steps for the placement, removal and transfer of lockout devices or tagout devices and the responsibility for them • Requirements for testing equipment to determine and verify the effectiveness of lockout devices, tagout devices, and other energy control measures

23. Where to Begin • Conduct a hazard assessment by identifying each piece of equipment that is used, serviced, or maintained • Include broken or stored equipment • Determine the requirements for lockout • If there is more than one primary energy source to the equipment, document each source

24. Where to Begin(continued) • Document all energy sources • Hidden • Direct • The hazard posed • The magnitude or measurable degree of danger • Special or unusual conditions • Proper isolations and devices

25. Hardware and Limitations

26. Lockout/Tagout Devices • Durable • All devices must be capable of withstanding the workplace environment. • All tags and their means of attachment must be sturdy enough to prevent inadvertent removal

27. Lockout/Tagout Devices (continued) • Standardized • Lockout/tagout devices must be • Singularly identified • The only device(s) used for controlling energy • Not be used for other purposes • Devices must have the same color, shape, or size. • The format and print of tags should be standardized

28. Lockout/Tagout Devices (continued) • Substantial • Removal of lockout devices should be extremely difficult to remove, requiring the use of excessive force and the help of tools such as bolt cutters • Tagout devices and their attachments must be tough enough so that they can’t be accidentally removed

29. Lockout • Lockout is a more appropriate means of ensuring deenergization of equipment than tagout • If an energy-isolating device can’t be locked out, tagout may be used • Tagout may be used in place of lockout if it can be demonstrated that it will offer equivalent protection to that offered by lockout

30. Tagout • When only a tag is used because equipment cannot be locked out, the following steps must be taken: • Removing an isolating circuit element (fuses) • Block machine (control switch, die) • Opening an extra disconnecting device • Other means of isolation

31. Tagout (continued) • Tags must be placed where the lockout device would have been placed • A legend must be used such as: • Do not start • Do not open • Do not close • Do not energize • Do not operate

32. Tagout Limitations • Tags are attached to energy isolation devices, but they are only warning. • They do not provide the protection offered by a lockout procedure • A tag is never to be bypassed or ignored, and it may not be removed without the specific authorization of person responsible for it

33. Tagout Limitations(continued) • Tags must be clearly visible and easily understandable by any employee who may be in the area • Tags and their attaching materials must be able to withstand any adverse environmental conditions in the workplace

34. Tagout Limitations(continued) • Tags must be clearly understood and respected to be effective • Workers should guard against false sense of security • Tags must be carefully secured to the energy-controlling devices so that they can’t easily be detached by accident during use

35. Safety Audit

36. Annual Inspections • Certain circumstances lend themselves to the opportunity for an inspection • Construction of new equipment • Installation of new equipment • Modification or adjustment of equipment • Routinely scheduled cleaning and maintenance • Major repairs

37. Designating an Inspector • Periodic inspections must be performed by an authorized employee other than the one(s) using the energy control procedure • Who can inspect • Department manager • Plant management • Safety manager • Others

38. Employee Reviews • Lockout • Must include a review between the inspector and each authorized employee • Tagout • Must be a review between the inspector and each authorized and affected employee • Review should cover each employee's responsibility under the procedure being inspected, as well as the limitations of tags

39. Certifying Inspections • Must certify that the required periodic inspections have been performed • Certification must identify the following: • The equipment on which the energy control procedure was used • The date of the inspection • The employee included in the inspection • The name of the person performing the inspection

40. Follow-up audit • A follow-up audit must be conducted to ensure that all deficiencies noted have been corrected • Documentation must identify: • The equipment on which the lockout procedure is being utilized • The date of the inspection • Employees interviewed • Employee(s) performing the inspection

41. Training

42. Specific Requirements • A training program must consist of: • Effective initial training • Periodic retraining as necessary • Certification that training has been given to all employees covered by the standard • Certification must become part of employee record and contain • Employee's name • Date of training

43. Specific Requirements(continued) • Training must be provided to ensure that the purpose and function of the energy control program are understood by employees • That the knowledge and skills required for the safe application, usage, and removal of the energy controls are acquired by employees

44. Type of Training • The amount and kind of training is based upon • The relationship of each employee’s job to the equipment being locked or tagged out • The degree of knowledge relevant to hazardous energy that he/she must possess • Need to know

45. Authorized Employee • Each authorized employee must receive the following training: • The purpose of the procedure • Ability to recognize applicable hazardous energy sources in the workplace • The type and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace • Understanding the means and methods of isolating and/or controlling the various types of energy sources • Ways to verify that energy isolation is effective

46. Affected Employees • All affected employees must be instructed in the purpose and use of the lockout/tagout system • Create awareness

47. Other Employees • All other employees (including new hires) whose work operations are or may be in an area where lockout/tagout may be utilized • These employees must be instructed: • About the procedure • That they are prohibited from starting up or reenergizing any locked-out or tagged-out equipment they encounter

48. Retraining • Must be conducted for all authorized and affected employees whenever: • There is a change in job assignment • Change in equipment, machinery, or processes that presents a new hazard • A change in the lockout/tagout procedure

49. Retraining (continued) • Must be conducted whenever a periodic inspection reveals or whenever the authorized employee has reason to believe that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of the lockout/tagout procedures

50. Group Lockout/Tagout • When servicing and/or maintenance is performed by a crew, craft, department or other group, they must utilize a procedure that affords the employees a level of protection equivalent to that provided by the implementation of a personal lockout/tagout device