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Transporting Molecules

Transporting Molecules. Diffusion. http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif. Molecules move from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT”.

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Transporting Molecules

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  1. Transporting Molecules

  2. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  3. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move from “where there’s A LOT” to “where there’s NOT”

  4. DIFFUSION across a space DIFFERENCE • Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another (________________________) = Concentration gradient

  5. DIFFUSION across a space Higher • Molecules move automatically from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ________ concentration • EX: _____________________ _____________________ Lower Perfume, Koolaid, popcorn, BBQ, Bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

  6. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

  7. Diffusion can happen across a membrane in a cell …as long as membrane will let molecule through

  8. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE

  9. Gas exchange between lungs and blood happens by DIFFUSION from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration Image modified from: http://www.medaille.edu/vmacer/120_graphic_05oxygen.gif

  10. What if cell needs to move large or polar molecules? EX: Glucose Amino acids

  11. What if cell needs to move a molecule AGAINST the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? Example : (LOW HIGH) Glucose into mitochondria Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  12. What if cell needs to move molecules really FAST? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) Example in cells: Movement of Na + & K+ ions sends nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png

  13. 2 KINDS of TRANSPORTacross cell membranes • PASSIVE TRANSPORT Does NOT require energy • ACTIVE TRANSPORT Requires energy

  14. Kidspiration by: Riedell

  15. Kinds of Passive Transport __________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion • Ion Channels

  16. DIFFUSION across a membrane DIFFERENCE • Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration on one side of the membrane compared to the other Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: ______________ ______________ OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

  17. OSMOSIS = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION • MOVES WATER MOLECULES • Across a MEMBRANE • From HIGHER  LOWER http://www.Isbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.html

  18. DIFFUSION Can happen with or without a membrane Molecules that do it: All molecules EXCEPT water Goes until equilibriumExample in cells: Oxygen & Carbon dioxide OSMOSIS Happens across a membraneMolecules that do it:Water Goes until equilibriumExample in cells:Water DIFFUSION or OSMOSISHIGHER  LOWER

  19. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium

  20. Osmosis1 http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb6/labs/a_osmosis.gif

  21. OSMOSIS Osmosis4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks

  22. OSMOSIS Osmosis3 HYPOTONIC:Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cellMore water enters than leaves cell so cellexpands and can ___________________ LESS THAN burst

  23. OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell ____________ concentration inside cell Water entering = water leavingso cell _____________________ EQUALS STAYS THE SAME SIZE

  24. Animal cells = crenation = cytolysis http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif

  25. http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gifhttp://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif Plant cells = Plasmolysis No cytolysis/cell wall keeps it from bursting

  26. VACUOLES store WATER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html TURGOR PRESSURE _______________________ = Pressure of water molecules pushing against cell wall

  27. SO WHAT?

  28. SO WHAT? Bath water is HYPOTONIC compared to you Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water enters your skin cells by osmosis

  29. Kinds of Passive Transport __________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion • Ion Channels

  30. Facilitated DiffusionCarrier proteins help diffusion go faster

  31. FACILITATED DIFFUSION NO energy required • Passive = ____________________ • Moves from ________________________ • _____________________ bind molecule, change shape, and release it on other side of membrane (Carrier proteins are _______________ proteins) • Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ HIGH  LOW Carrier Proteins Integral GLUCOSE

  32. Facilitated Diffusion Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif

  33. Kinds of Passive Transport __________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Diffusion • Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion • Ion Channels

  34. ION CHANNEL

  35. ION CHANNELS PASSIVE • _____________transport (no energy required) • Molecules move from ___________________ • Small passageways for _______ to get through membrane • Each ion has own kind of passageway • Examples in cells: Na+, Cl- , Ca + + , K + HIGH  LOW IONS

  36. ION CHANNELS Some channels always open Some channels have “gates” that open or close in response to signals • SIGNALS: • stretching of cell membrane • electrical signals • chemicals Animation from: http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

  37. Kidspiration by: Riedell

  38. Kinds of Active Transport • Sodium-Potassium Pump ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  39. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP ATP ACTIVE • ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) • Special just for Na+and K +ions • Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules • Examples in nerve cells: Na+is pumped out of cells at same time K +is taken into cells Carrier Proteins

  40. Na+and K + PUMP Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

  41. ENDOCYTOSISTakes substances into cell • _____________transport (requires energy from ATP) • Uses small membrane sacs to carry substances ______________ ACTIVE = VESICLES http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html

  42. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSISTakes substances into cell If taking in: fluid, molecules = ____________________ large particles or whole cells = __________________ • Examples in cells: • one celled organisms eat this way • white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS

  43. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html

  44. PHAGOCYTOSIS White blood cell destroying germs

  45. EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell • __________ transport (requires energy) • Substances move in____________ • Examples in cells: • Golgi release packaged proteins ACTIVE VESICLES

  46. Exocytosis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

  47. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html

  48. Endocytosis & Exocytosis http://grossmont.gcccd.cc.ca.us/cmilgrim/Bio120/Outline/Outline2.gif/TransportMedia/EndoExocytosisMovie.htm

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