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Understanding the Formation and Types of Sedimentary Rock

This guide explores the origin and formation of sedimentary rock, highlighting the processes involved. Sedimentary rocks are created when sediments are compacted, typically at the bottoms of oceans and lakes, and can contain fossils of ancient life. We categorize sedimentary rocks into three types: clastic, chemical, and organic, each defined by their composition and formation process. Learn about the importance of sedimentary rocks in recording history, such as fossils and landforms.

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Understanding the Formation and Types of Sedimentary Rock

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  1. 10December 2012 OBJECTIVE: Describe the origin of sedimentary rock. INTRO • Week WS #16: • Have you ever tried to build a sand castle at the beach? Where do you think the sand came from?

  2. Sedimentary Rock

  3. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock • Strata • Forms when sediments are compacted into a rock • Most created at the bottom of oceans and lakes • Can contain fossils of plants and animals • Layers of rock

  4. Sedimentary Rocks • 3 Types: • Clastic Sedimentary Rock • Made of fragments of rocks cemented together by minerals • Course-grained (rough) • Medium-grained • Fine-grained (smooth) • Can easily record ancient animal footprints, wave ripples, and even raindrops!

  5. Sedimentary Rocks • Chemical sedimentary rock • Forms from solutions of dissolved minerals and water • Dissolved material eventually crystallizes and forms minerals in the sedimentary rock • Example: • Halite (salt) is found in sedimentary rocks

  6. Sedimentary Rocks • Organic sedimentary rock • Forms from the remains of plants and animals • Reacts with acid because of organic material • Example: • Limestone forms when coral becomes compacted and cemented • Coal forms from partially decomposed plants buried deep underneath sediments

  7. Sedimentary Rock • Summary: • How do sedimentary rocks form? • Describe the three types of sedimentary rock.

  8. Sedimentary Rock LAB • Name & Type – use chart inside box • React to Acid? • Drip one drop of acid onto rock • Use magnifying lens to watch closely for any fizzing or bubbling

  9. 10December 2012 OBJECTIVE:Describe the origin of sedimentary rock. OUTRO Why do you think raindrop impressions are more likely to be preserved in fine-grained sedimentary rock rather than in course-grained sedimentary rock?

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