1 / 10

The Immune System of the Respiratory Tract

The Immune System of the Respiratory Tract. Waldeyer’s Ring. MALT Tissue. The MALT tissues relevant to the respiratory system are: NALT (Waldeyer’s ring of tonsilar tissue from the upper nasopharynx (adenoids) to the posterior tongue – inducer and effector LALT laryngeal lymphoid tissue

taniel
Télécharger la présentation

The Immune System of the Respiratory Tract

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Immune System of the Respiratory Tract

  2. Waldeyer’s Ring

  3. MALT Tissue • The MALT tissues relevant to the respiratory system are: • NALT (Waldeyer’s ring of tonsilar tissue from the upper nasopharynx (adenoids) to the posterior tongue – inducer and effector • LALT laryngeal lymphoid tissue • BALT (bronchus associated lymphoid tissue: found in peribronchial, perivascular and interstitial areas of the lung

  4. Impairment of Defences • Impaired epiglottic closure: stroke, seizure, drug abuse, normal sleep -> aspiration of oropharyngeal flora • Alcohol • Impairs epiglottic and cough reflex • Alters colonisation of oropharynx – G+ve to G-ve • Decreased neutrophil mobilisation & effectiveness • Blocks TNF response to endotoxin • Induces macrophage secretion of IL10 (antiinflammatory) • Tobacco impairs mucociliary & macrophage functions

  5. Impairment of Defences • Mycoplasma and H.influenza • Impair ciliary function • Influenza A • Destroys cilia causing mucus buildup and 2nd infections • Extrapulmonary sepsis decreases lung clearance of bacteria • Burn inhalation injury with ventilator support (50% incidence of pneumonia, 37% mortality rate). • Drugs: especially cancer chemotherapy, immunosuppressants, proton pump and H2 inhibitors • Other factors that impair pulmonary host defenses include old age, premature birth, hypoxaemia, acidosis, toxic inhalations, pulmonary oedema, malnutrition • Lymphadenopathy due to compression from sarcoidosis, solid tumours • Bronchial obstruction due to adenocarcinoma • Systemic disease: diabetes, renal failure, GORD, COAD, CHF, HIV • Splenectomy: encapsulated bacteria like S.pneumoniae must be opsonised then removed by splenic macrophages, or else!

More Related