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Carbohydrates Review

Carbohydrates Review. 1 . What is a Carbohydrate ?. Carbohydrates. A carbohydrate is any of the group of organic compounds consisting carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose, and gums. . This structure represents a polymer.

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Carbohydrates Review

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  1. Carbohydrates Review

  2. 1. What is a Carbohydrate? Carbohydrates A carbohydrate is any of the group of organic compounds consisting carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio of 1:2:1. Examples include sugar, starch, cellulose, and gums.

  3. This structure represents a polymer. Carbohydrates 2. What are the individual units called? They are called monomers

  4. 3. What does poly mean? Poly means ‘many’ and polymer means ‘many pieces.’ Carbohydrates 4. What does mono mean? Mono means ‘one’ and monomer means ‘one piece.’

  5. 5. Saccharide comes from the Greek word ‘sakkaron.’ What do you think the word means? Carbohydrates Saccharide means sugar. 6. What does monosaccharide mean? Monosaccharide means one sugar.

  6. 7. Monosaccharides are also known as ‘simple sugars.’ Name at least three monosaccharides. Carbohydrates Glucose (also known as blood sugar) Gl Fructose (also known as fruit sugar) Fr Galactose (also known as brain sugar) Ga Ribose (a sugar found in RNA) R D Deoxyribose (a sugar found in DNA)

  7. 8. What does disaccharide mean? Disaccharide means two sugars. Carbohydrates 9. Name three common disaccharides. Sucrose (also known as table sugar) Maltose (also known as malt sugar) Lactose (also known as milk sugar)

  8. 10. Disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides. What monosaccharides make up the following disaccharides? Carbohydrates Sucrose: Glucose + Fructose Gl Fr Maltose: Glucose + Glucose Gl Ga Gl Gl Lactose: Glucose + Galactose

  9. 11. Name four common polysaccharidesand the role each plays in living organisms. Carbohydrates Glycogen Made of glucose monomers; how animals store excess sugar. Starch Made of glucose monomers; how plants store excess sugar. Cellulose Made of glucose monomers; main component of cell walls in plants. Chitin Made of modified glucose monomers; main component in cell walls of fungiand exoskeletons of arthropods

  10. 12. Where is glycogen found in animals? Glycogen is mainly stored as granules in liver and muscle cells. Carbohydrates 13. Where is starch found in plants? Starch is mainly stored as starch grains inside plant cells.

  11. 14. List some ways that starch differs from cellulose? The glucose monomers in starch are aligned in the same direction, while in cellulose every other glucose is inverted. Carbohydrates Starch Cellulose Every other glucose is inverted (flip-flopped)

  12. 15. List some ways that starch differs from cellulose? The glucose monomers in starch are aligned in the same direction, while in cellulose every other glucose is inverted. Carbohydrates Starch Cellulose Hydrogen bonds b. The flip-flopping of glucose monomers in cellulose allow hydrogen bonds to form between strands

  13. 16. Describe a simple test for detecting monosaccharides (simple sugars) in food. Carbohydrates Put blended samples of the food in a test tube filled with blue Benedict’s reagent. Place the test tube in a hot water bath for 5 minutes. If monosaccharides (like glucose) are present, the blue color will turn an orange/red color.

  14. 17. Describe a simple test for detecting starch in food. Put blended samples of the food in a test tube. Pour some yellow Lugol’s reagent (also known as iodine-potassium iodide solution or IKI) in the test tube. Carbohydrates If starches are present, the yellow color will turn a dark blue to black.

  15. This structure represents starch. Carbohydrates 18. What sugar makes up its monomers? Glucose

  16. This structure represents starch. Carbohydrates 19. What are the bonds that link the glucose monomers called? The bonds are glycosidic linkages

  17. This structure represents starch. Carbohydrates 20. What molecule is released when a glucose monomer is added to the starch polymer? (Click once to see animation) A water molecule is released

  18. This structure represents starch. Carbohydrates 21. What molecule must be added in order to remove a glucose monomer from the starch polymer? (Click once to see animation) A water molecule is added

  19. 22. Name a food or object that contains the following carbohydrates. Carbohydrates Sucrose: Table sugar, syrup, honey, candy Lactose: Milk, ice cream, cheese Bread, potatoes, pasta Starch: Seeds, vegetables, fruit, wood, cotton Cellulose:

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