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Vietnam War

Vietnam War. Long term causes. History of Vietnam. Long History of Conflict with China China Ruled from about 100 BC to 900 AD Confucianism and Buddhism major influence Many revolts and history of resistance to Chinese domination First Europeans Arrived around 1500

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Vietnam War

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  1. Vietnam War Long term causes

  2. History of Vietnam • Long History of Conflict with China • China Ruled from about 100 BC to 900 AD • Confucianism and Buddhism major influence • Many revolts and history of resistance to Chinese domination • First Europeans Arrived around 1500 • Portugese establish trading post at Da Nang • Catholicism introduced

  3. French Arrival • French Jesuit priests arrive in the late sixteenth century • Create romanized alphabet for vietnamese • In 1802 a local warlord unites warring clans with French assistance founding the Nguyen Dynasty • In exchange for help Catholicism is spread

  4. Anti-Christian policy prompts French to use force to protect citizens and investments in 1843 • By 1887 they had consolidated their rule over Vietnam as well as Cambodia and Laos – it was called French Indochina • Resistance to French rule continued sporadically until France was defeated by Germany in 1940

  5. Japanese Occupation • Japan occupied French Indochina in 1940 • They kept the French colonial government intact until 1945 when they instituted direct rule

  6. The Viet Minh • Established in 1941 by Ho Chi Minh to fight Japanese occupation and French Colonialism • Received aid from US and China throughout war • FDR opposed return of French colonies • When Japan surrendered in 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on Sept 2.

  7. Ho Chi Minh • Born in 1890 in Vietnam • Traveled abroad until 1917 ended up in France • Appealed to Wilson for help achieving independence – was ignored • Embraced communism and was founding member of French Communist Party – traveled to Moscow.

  8. From 1923 until returning to Vietnam in 1941 he traveled from USSR to China representing the Comintern • From 1941 on he remained pretty much in Vietnam

  9. The 1st Indochinese War • After declaring independence the Chinese occupied Northern Vietnam • French Government officials return to re-establish French rule • An agreement to establish a “free” Vietnam within a French Union made in march 1946 broke down following the withdrawal of Chinese Army

  10. The Viet Minh purge non communist nationalists from their ranks - begin fighting French forces • France asks for and receives aid from the US in 1946 to fight communist insurgency • Early efforts by Viet Minh are largely unsuccessful • Vo Nguyen Giap emerges as the Viet Minh military leader • Inexperience and lack of equipment hinder effort

  11. In 1949 China becomes communist • Viet Minh begin receiving aid and training from Chinese Communists as well as sanctuary for attacks against French forces • Begin to build up forces and begin inflicting defeats against the French by 1950 • Captured border forts • France received major infusion of US aid after the Korean War began • Fighting continues until 1954

  12. Dien Bien Phu • The French established a base deep inside Viet Minh controlled territory in northern Vietnam at Dien Bien Phu • Intended as a base to lure Viet Minh guerilla forces into attacking then destrying the with superior firepower • The Viet Minh Under Giap had transformed into a more conventional force with artillery

  13. Giap cuts off French and begins siege • The french unable to re-supply by air • With artillery support Viet Minh forces over run the fench and capture surviving fecnh forces • France decides to cut losses and talks begin in Geneva

  14. Geneva Accords • 1. Vietnam provisionally divided along 17th parallel • Viet Minh are in North • French retain control of south until country is re-united • 2. Elections are to be held within 2 years • Country to be united under whichever type of government the people decided • Respective Militaries are separated and no outside assistance s to be recieved

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