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Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Tina Wei MY AS 8- Block B. What is intelligence?. Intelligence is usually a term that refers to the ability of reasoning, problem solving, thinking, learning and understanding new materials.

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Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

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  1. Intelligence and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Tina Wei MY AS 8- Block B

  2. What is intelligence? • Intelligence is usually a term that refers to the ability of reasoning, problem solving, thinking, learning and understanding new materials. • People differ in the speed with which they learn things, how well and how long they remember ideas, their ability to understand ideas, and using their knowledge to solve problems. This is all due to their intelligence.

  3. The simplest definition proposed is that... Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure

  4. A person’s intelligence depends on heredity and environment. Humans are born with a certain mental capacity that influences how intelligent he/she will be when they are fully-grown. The full development of this capacity is influenced by the person’s background. Severely undernourished infants are more likely to be unable to develop their natural abilities. Children who are mistreated by their families may become so depressed that their intellectual talents remain underdeveloped. Many children who face different treatments because of their appearance and nationality also fail to develop their capacities to the fullest extent possible.

  5. What is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

  6. A Quick and Simplified History of IQ tests British scientist Sir Francis Galton (1822~1911), the first to investigate individual differences in mental ability, began his research in the late 19th century. His work helped develop concepts and techniques that are still in use today. He was also the very first to think of the idea that intelligence can be quantitatively measured.

  7. In the 1890s, an American psychologist James McKeen Cattell (1860~1944), who worked with Galton in England, developed fifty tests that attempted to measure basic mental ability. In1905, French psychologist Alfred Binet(1857~1911) and his colleague Theodore Simon developed the very first accurate intelligence test that predicted academic success. During the process of developing this test, they noted which items were successfully completed by half of the seven-year-olds, half of eight-year-olds, and so on. Through these observations, they were able to create the concept of mental age.

  8. Mental age? Yes, for example… If a 12-year-old child succeeded on items appropriate for 12-year-olds but could not pass questions appropriate for 13-year-olds, that child was said to have a mental age of 12. if a 7-year-old child succeeded on items intended for 10-year-olds, then that child was said to have a mental age of 10.

  9. To test how effectively the test was, Binet asked teachers to rate students from the best to the worst. The results showed that students who had been rated higher by their teacher also scored higher on the test. So, that was how Binet’s test finally succeeded in predicting how students would perform in school.

  10. Lewis Madison Terman (1877-1956), an American psychologist, revised Binet’s test in 1916, and called it the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Instead of using mental age, Terman converted each one’s performance into a single score, which he called the intelligence quotient, or IQ.

  11. IQ In 1912, German psychologist, William Stern(1871~1938) first suggested the idea of an intelligence quotient. To calculate IQ, Stern divided the mental age by the actual, chronological age of the person taking the test and multiplied it by 100 to get rid of the decimal point. For example, if a 6-year-old girl scored a mental age of 9, she would be assigned an IQ of 150 (9÷6 x 100). If a 12-year-old boy scored a mental age of 6, he would be given an IQ of 50 (6÷12 x100).

  12. A Rough Guide of What IQ Represents • 115-124 - Above average (e.g., university students) • 125-134 - Gifted (e.g., post-graduate students) • 135-144 - Highly gifted (e.g., intellectuals) • 145-154 - Genius (e.g., professors) • 155-164 - Genius (e.g., Nobel Prize winners) • 165-179 - High genius • 180-200 - Highest genius • >200 - "Unmeasurable genius"

  13. Notes’ Bibliography Detterman, Douglas. “Intelligence”. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library 2004. CD-ROM. Redmond WA: Microsoft Corporation. January 21, 2005. Horowitz, Leonard. “Intelligence”. World Book. 1991 ed. “The Intelligence Quotient (IQ)”. Psychologie Online. Aug. 15, 2004. January 26, 2005. <http://www.psyonline.nl/en-iq.htm> Neill, James. “Understanding IQ (Intelligence Quotient) & IQ Testing”. Wilderdom. June 21, 2004. January 26, 2005. <http://www.wilderdom.com/personality/L2-1UnderstandingIQ.html>

  14. Pictures’ Citation Sir Francis Galton http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Galton James McKeen Cattell http://www.psychology.ru/whoswho/James_Cattell.stm Alfred Binet http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per309 Lewis Madison Terman http://www.aceviper.net/aceviper_net/ace_intelligence/aceviper_detailed_history_of_the_iq_test/aceviper_long_detailed_history_of_the_iq_test.html

  15. I hope you now have a better understanding on Intelligence and IQ Thank you for listening!

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