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Islamic Art

Islamic Art. Birth of Islam. Islam was born in 7 th cent. on the Arabian Peninsula (located in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. The area includes present-day countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, etc.).

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Islamic Art

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  1. Islamic Art

  2. Birth of Islam • Islam was born in 7th cent. on the Arabian Peninsula (located in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. The area includes present-day countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, etc.)

  3. What is Islam? • Prophet Muhammad – the founder • Islam is Arabic for “submission”, meaning submissionto God • Muhammad’s followers were called Muslims, “those who submit” • In 622, Muhammad emigrated to the city of Medina.This move marked the 1st year in the Islamic calendar.

  4. The Unification of the Land • Various tribes came together under Muhammad(a political and spiritual leader). • Islamic rule is extended from Spain to Morocco inthe west to the borders of India in the east. • Main changes: • Many tribes that had largely oral culture are now united by faith • Written language is developed • New conditions nurture the growth of a new artistic culture: monumental architecture, fine jewelry, textiles, ceramic arts, etc.Book arts flourish, especially book illustration and calligraphy. • Islam becomes a true world religion

  5. Architecture: Mosques • A mosque is a place for worship. • Original layout was inspired by the Prophet’s house in Medina. • Made of sun-dried brick and is structured around a courtyard. • Muh. house had an open porch made of palm trunks and a simple roof. Congregational Mosque, Kairouan, 836 A.D.

  6. Architecture: Mosques Congregational Mosque, Kairouan, 836 A.D.

  7. Architecture: Mosques The Great Mosque, Cordoba, 965 A.D.

  8. Architecture: Mosques The Great Mosque, Cordoba, 965 A.D.

  9. Persian Influence • A new feature in architecture: an iwan (pointed arch set in a rect. frame) • The 4-iwan plan became standard in Persia, Central Asia, Egypt & India. • Main iwan is crowned by 2 minarets – is a prayer hall. • The other 3 are for study, rest or schooling. Friday Mosque, View of the Courtyard, Isfahan, Iran, 1121-22

  10. New Architectural Feature: “Mugarna” Shah Mosque, (triangular niche-like scoops = mugarnas), Isfahan, Iran, 1611-66

  11. Glazed tile mosaics Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran, 1611-66

  12. Glazed tile mosaics Gate of Ishtar, Mesopotamia

  13. Islamic Architecture in Southern Spain Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain, Mid-14th century, Nasrid dynasty

  14. Islamic Architecture in Southern Spain Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain, Mid-14th century, Nasrid dynasty

  15. Book Arts • Calligraphy is one of the most highly regarded arts • No images of animated beings in religious context • Prevalence of geometric patterns & stylized plant forms • Baghdad was a major center of book production

  16. Book Arts • Tells a story of a king, BahramGur • Highly Decorative and Detailed • Flattened space • Tilted floor • Depth of space is shown through the use of placement and overlap • "BahramGur and the Princess in the Black Pavilion" from Hatifi’s Haft Manzar Manuscript

  17. Arts of Daily Life Decorative arts were admired as much as other types of arts. • Underglaze-painted mosque lamp from Dome of the Rock from Jerusalem, 1549, approx.15”

  18. A new reality TV show in Malaysia is hoping to find an Imam. Contestants are given a variety of tasks and an Islamic scholar chooses who goes through to the next round. The producers of the show hope the format will appeal to Malaysia’s young Muslims. • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/south_asia/10612657.stm

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