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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Perception of Self and Others. What is Perception?. Perception is the process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it. Perception. Needs-biological and psychological Interests

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Perception of Self and Others

  2. What is Perception? • Perception is the process of selectively attending to information and assigning meaning to it.

  3. Perception • Needs-biological and psychological • Interests • Expectations-we see what we expect and miss information which violates our expectations

  4. Organization of Stimuli • Simplicity-we simplify that which is difficult • Pattern-a set of characteristics used to differentiate some things from others

  5. Self-concept Self-esteem • Your self identity • Mental image you have about your skills, abilities, your knowledge, your competencies, and your personality • Your overall evaluation of your competence and personal worthiness Self-concept/Self-esteem

  6. Forming and Maintaining a Self-Concept • Personal experiences • Positive • Negative • Reactions and responses of others • Friends • Family • Co-workers

  7. Culture • Individualistic Cultures • United States • Stress the self and personal achievement • Self-concept, self-esteem, and self-image • What is best for me????

  8. Culture • Collectivistic Cultures • China • Social norms are more important than individuals • Self-concept and self-esteem have little meaning • What is best for the group???

  9. Gender • Masculine • Feminine

  10. Accuracy and Distortion of Self-Perceptions • Incongruence-the gap between our inaccurate self-perceptions and reality • Self-fulfilling prophecy-predictions you make about yourself • Success • Failure

  11. Self-talk • The internal conversations we have with ourselves. (intrapersonal communication) • Necessary • High self-esteem=positive self-talk • Low self-esteem=negative self-talk

  12. Uncertainty Reduction Theory • When people meet, their primary concern is to reduce uncertainty about each other and their relationship. As verbal output, nonverbal warmth, self-disclosure, similarity, and shared communication networks increase uncertainty decreases—and vice versa. Information seeking and reciprocity are positively correlated with uncertainty

  13. Halo Effect/Devil Effect • Halo effect-to generalize and perceive that a person has a whole set of characteristics when you have actually only observed one characteristic, trait, or behavior • Devil effect-when people allow an undesirable trait to influence their evaluation of other traits

  14. Stereotypes • Attributions that cover up individual differences and ascribe certain characteristics to an entire group of people

  15. Prejudice • A rigid attitude that is based on group membership and predisposes an individual to feel, think, or act in a negative way toward another person or group

  16. Discrimination • A negative action toward a social group or its members on account of group membership

  17. Improving the Accuracy of Social Perceptions *Question the accuracy of your perceptions *Seek more information to verify perceptions *Realize that your perceptions of a person will change over time *Use the skill of perception checking

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