Food Security, Food Aid & Nutrition

1. Food Security, Food Aid & Nutrition

2. Very Big Chapter almost 100 pages- Includes1.Food Security2.Food Aid3.Nutrition

4. But don’t worry Let’s see how Sphere deals with this subject

5. POL

6. FOOD SECURITY NUTRITION FOOD AID Pages 119 - 134 Pages 135 - 153 Pages 155 - 171

7. conceptual model of the causes of malnutrition in emergencies MALNUTRITION LACK OF FOOD DISEASE Household Food Security Social and Care Environment Public Health family and community resources and control Formal and informal infrastructure Context Potential resources After UNICEF model - Sphere page 76

8. Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid Food Security Assessment & Analysis Nutrition Assessment & Analysis Food Security Nutrition Food Aid General food security General support Correction of malnutrition Food aid planning Food aid management Primary production All groups Moderate Ration planning Food handling Income & Employment At-risk groups Severe Appropriate & Acceptable Supply chain management Access to markets Micronutrient Quality & Safety Distribution page 106

9. Let’s Discuss Food Security

10. Food security • Food security exists when all people, at all times have physical access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for a healthy and active life.

11. Since Food Security is connected to livelihood:What do we understand by the term :Livelihood ?

12. Livelihood • Comprises capabilities, assets ( material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living, linked to survival & future well being. • Livelihood strategies are practical means/activities through which people access food or income to buy food, while coping strategies are temporary responses to food insecurity.

13. Desk top quick Exercise Scenario and task Pointers Your boss calls you and asks you to go to a country X in Asia, where a major drought has been reported. The major part of population is pastoral,( cattle major source of income) and poor, basically a subsistence economy. What assistance do you recommend-to who and why? You can make valid and justifiable assumptions. • Your aim/ Goal/ Objectives…………………? • Key outputs/deliverables • Key Resources needed • Time frame. KISS

14. Time for consideration-5 minutes For Presentation-2 minutes per group

15. Let’s get back to Sphere and to Food Security

16. Assessment and analysis standard 1: food security Where people are at risk of food insecurity, programme decisions are based on a demonstrated understanding of how they normally access food, the impact of the disaster on current and future food security, and hence the most appropriate response. What does this convey to you? (page 111)

17. Food security standard 1: general food security “People have access to adequate and appropriate food and non-food items in a manner that ensures their survival, prevents erosion of assets and upholds their dignity.” What does that mean when you programme food security intervention? page 120

18. Food security standard 2: primary production “Primary production mechanisms are protected and supported.” How do we do this? page 124

19. Food security standard 3: income and employment “Where income generation and employment are feasible livelihood strategies, people have access to appropriate income-earning opportunities, which generate fair remuneration and contribute towards food security without jeopardizing the resources on which livelihoods are based.” How can we do this? page 128

20. Food security standard 4: access to markets “People’s safe access to market goods and services as producers, consumers and traders is protected and promoted.” How should this be done? page 131

21. Food Aid

22. Food aid planning standard 1: ration planning “Rations for general food distributions are designed to bridge the gap between the affected population’s requirements and their own food resources.” What does this mean? page 157

23. How much food does a human being need?

24. AVERAGE DAILY REQUIREMENT: 2100 Kcal/person/day(WHO)

25. Nutritional Requirements • Protein - 10-12% of total energy ,but less than 15%-52 to 63 gms • Fat – 17%-40 gms • Micronutrients and vitamins Page 189

26. Food aid planning standard 2: appropriateness and acceptability “The food items provided are appropriate and acceptable to recipients and can be used efficiently at the household level.” Military style MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) Howwill you ensure this? P158

27. Food aid planning standard 3: food quality and safety “Food distributed is of appropriate quality and fit for human consumption.” (page 160 )

28. Food aid management standard 1: food handling “Food is stored, prepared and consumed in a safe and appropriate manner at both household and community levels.” Refugees International photo (page 163)

29. Food aid management standard 2: supply chain management “Food aid resources (commodities and support funds) are well managed, using transparent and responsive systems.” WFP photo (P165 )) Quite Obvious: isn’t it?

30. Food aid management standard 3: distribution “The method of food distribution is responsive, transparent, equitable and appropriate to local conditions.” WFP photo What will you do to ensure this? (page 168)

31. LET US DO AN EXERCISEon Food Aid

32. Energy of Various Foods-per 100 grams

33. Sample Daily Rations-in Gms

34. Ration for one person per day( no container/packing material) is about ½ Kg.How much Ration do you require for 20,000 persons for 3 months? 2 Minutes

35. 20.000 persons for 3 months } 20,000 x90x0.5 =900,000 gms =900 tons Add 10% for packing Material=90 tons Total=990 tons 990 Tons

36. OK-Let’s Move this

37. MT to move… 990 MT over 90 days Context - difficult roads, 300 km, max 10 T trucks available Trucks can make 150 km/day, and 9MT Turnaround Time = 4 days + 1 loading = 5 days ………..+ 20% “down time”= 6 days Possible trips/truck/90 days = 90/6= 15 trips/truck /90 days Number of loads = 990MT / 9 MT = 110 loads …..assuming 90% load factor for the 10 MT trucks Number of Trucks Needed = 110 loads/ 15 trips = 7.33 Trucks!... So I order 8 trucks to meet the requirement + 1 on standby/rotation for maintanenance = 9 trucks (10MT)in my fleet.

38. What happens if I have no vehicles and have to use Donkeys?

39. I need 9,900 donkey Where Do we Get them from?

40. Malnutrition and Micronutrient deficiency

41. Malnutrition

42. Malnutrition • What do we understand by Malnutrition?

43. Malnutrition • Encompasses range of conditions, acute/ chronic malnutrition including micronutrient deficiency. • Acute malnutrition refers to wasting( thinness) or nutritional oedema. Chronic malnutrition refers to stunting.

44. conceptual model of the causes of malnutrition in emergencies MALNUTRITION LACK OF FOOD DISEASE Household Food Security Social and Care Environment Public Health family and community resources and control Formal and informal infrastructure Context Potential resources After UNICEF model - Sphere page 76

45. SPHERE & Nutrition General Nutritional Support Correction of Malnutrition & Micronutrient deficiency P137

46. Anything wrong with the babies?

47. Kwarshiorkar • kwashiorkor, meaning "the disease of the displaced child" in the local language , was first defined in the 1930s in Ghana. Kwashiorkor is one of the more severe forms of protein malnutrition and is caused by inadequate protein intake. • Generally, kwashiorkor occurs when drought, famine, or social unrest leads to an inadequate food supply. Protein-depleted diets in such areas are mostly based on starches and vegetables, with little meat and animal products.

48. Symptoms may include : failure to gain weight, stunted , generalized edema, protuberant (swollen) abdomen, diarrhea, skin peeling and vitiligo (white spots on the skin), reddish pigmentation of hair, and decreased muscle mass. • Mental changes include lethargy, apathy, and irritability. Physiologic changes include a fatty liver, renal failure, and anaemia.

49. What is This?

50. Marasmus • body breaks down its own tissue to use as calories, people with this condition lose all their body fat and muscle strength, and acquire a skeletal appearance most noticeable in the hands and in the temporal muscle in front of and above each ear. Children with marasmus are small for their age. • Since their immune systems are weakened, they suffer from frequent infections. Other symptoms include loss of appetite, diarrhea, skin that is dry and baggy, sparse hair that is dull brown or reddish yellow, mental retardation.