Chapter 5: Male Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

1. Chapter 5: Male Sexual and Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy refers to structures Physiology refers to functions

2. Anatomy of the Male Sexual and Reproductive System

3. Anatomy of the Male Sexual Reproductive System • Penis (tail)- male organ for intercourse & urination • 3-5”in theflaccid state • 5-7” in the erect state • Only minute differences in size among races

4. 3 Basic Parts of the Penis • Glans • Shaft • Root

5. The Underside of the Penis

6. Glans • Glans- the head of the penis • Initially covered with foreskin, known as prepuce • Meatus- tip of the glans which passes urine and semen • Contains 4,000 nerve endings= very sensitive to sexual stimulation • Coronal ridge- raised area of tissue which separates glans from the shaft

7. Anatomy of the Male Sexual and Reproductive System The Prepuce (Foreskin) Ridged band Erogenous receptors Gliding mechanism

8. Shaft and Root • Shaft- the body of the penis • Divided into sections of tissue called corpora • Corpora cavernosa- larger, upper level of tissue • Corpora spongiosum- smaller, lower level of tissue which contains the urethra • Root- based of the penis, which extends into the pelvis and attaches to the pelvic muscles

9. Scrotum and Testicles • Scrotum (scrotal sac)- loose pouch of skin holding the testes and is suspended by the spermatic cord, which contains the vas deferens • Holds the testicles away from the body to protect the sperm from body heat, as sperm require an environment of 92-93 degrees • Testicles- house and produce sperm and androgens such as testosterone • Seminiferous Tubules- up to 300 pockets of coiled tissue inside the testicles which produce testosterone and sperm

10. Anatomy of the Male Sexual and Reproductive System The Scrotum

11. The Male Duct System: Pathway of the Sperm • Epididymis • Vas Deferens • Urethra • Seminal Vesicles • Prostate Gland • Cowper’s Gland • Semen

12. The Male Duct System

13. Male Sexual Development • Spermarche- the initial production of seminal fluid • Occurs about 12-18 months after gonarche, the enlargement of the testicles • Spermatogenisis- production of mature sperm cells • Occurs about one year after spermarche, at about 14 years of age

14. Spermatogenesis

15. Physiology of Males Sexual and Reproductive System • Erection- stiffening of the penis due to blood engorgement • Ejaculation- expulsion of seminal fluid from the penis and occurs in two stages • Emission phase • Expulsion phase

16. Perineum and Pelvic Floor • Men and women have the same sex of pelvic floor muscles • Male Kegel Exercises- similar to females • Suggested to support the probability of male multiple orgasm

17. Male Sexual Anatomy and the 21st Century • Adonis complex- ideal of male body as tall, broad and full of muscles • Creates a lot of pressure to live up to this ideal • Penis size- nearly ½ men surveyed desired a larger penis • Most women surveyed reported to be satisfied with partner’s size

18. Circumcision • The surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis. • Health and religious reasons for circumcision • Health considerations are currently under debate • Currently in the U.S., 56% of newborns boy are circumcised and 44% are left “in tact”

19. Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Use • Performance Enhancing Drugs- drugs such as anabolic steroids are synthetic forms of testosterone • Side effects: • Physical- erectile dysfunction, decrease in testicular size, high blood pressure, heart disease • Psychological- increase in aggression and mood changes

20. Male Sexual and Reproductive Health • Testicular Cancer- roughly 8000 men will develop it • between ages 20s and 30s • About 400 men a year die from this disease • Painless lumps in testicular tissue are a primary symptom • Early detection boosts survival rates to nearly 100%!

21. Male Sexual and Reproductive Health • Penile Cancer- extremely rare in Western cultures • Risk factors-HPV, smoking, age • Interventions- in severe cases, chemotherapy or penectomy • Priapism- an erection lasting longer than four hours • Causes- ranges from spinal cord injury to illegal drug use • Important to seek help immediately due to risk of blood clots and permanent damage to penile tissue

22. Male Sexual and Reproductive Health • Peyronie’s disease- excessive curvature of the penis • Cause unknown, but many treatments are available, including drugs treatments and surgery • Balantis- inflammation of the glans due to bacterial or fungal infection • More common in with males with uncircumcised/intact penises

23. Male Sexual and Reproductive Health • Phimosis- foreskin stiffens and may lose its ability to retract • Causes can be congenital or due to infection • May require surgery • Epididymitis- inflammation of the epididymitis tissue • May be caused by a UTI or STI, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea

24. Male Sexual and Reproductive Health • Testicular torsion- occurs when the spermatic cord becomes entangled within the scrotum • Blood flow becomes blocked and testicle will be lost without medical attention • Failure to intervene within 24 hours results in loss of the testicle

25. Self-care and Prevention • Genital self-exam- all men should regularly examine their penis, scrotum and testicles • If unusual discolorations, bumps, or swelling occurs, seek medical attention • Prostate Health- more important as men age • Prostatitis- refers to inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland