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Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter. Matter. Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter. Volume. The amount of space an object takes up Another word for volume is “capacity” EX: What is the capacity of the water in that glass?. What are two properties of matter?.

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Properties of Matter

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  1. Properties of Matter

  2. Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter

  3. Volume • The amount of space an object takes up • Another word for volume is “capacity” • EX: What is the capacity of the water in that glass?

  4. What are two properties of matter?

  5. What are two properties of matter? • All matter has mass and takes up space.

  6. MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be chemically decomposed? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  7. Element • Only 1 type of atom • Only that atom • Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen • Any one element on the periodic table

  8. Molecule/ Compound • A molecule is made up to two or more atoms joined together. • Water is a molecule made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. • DNA is also a molecule • Another word for molecule is Compound

  9. Compound • A compound is 2 or more elements combined together in definite proportions. • Compounds are CHEMICALLY bonded and require CHEMICAL means to separate them

  10. Substance • Matter that has an UNCHANGING composition • You can write a chemical equation— C6H12O6, etc • AKA pure substance • Table salt—NaCl is a substance as well as H2O—pure water • Why not seawater?

  11. Mixture • A combination of two or more pure substance in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties. • Mixing substances together can be infinite.

  12. Mixtures • A combination of two or more substances • The substances in a mixture aren’t permanently combined • Substances can be separated from the mixture and be the same as they were before they were mixed—this is a PHYSICAL change… • Mixtures are in variable ratios • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixture.html • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixtureex.html

  13. Sand-water & salt -water

  14. Solutions • A mixture in which all parts are mixed evenly • Does not settle out clear throughout • Most solutions are homogenous • http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/mixture/mixture.html • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solution.html

  15. Solvent—Solute • Solutions • In a solution, you have 2 parts that make up the solution. • Solvent—the dissolving agent/part like water, or orange juice or vinegar etc. • Solute—the part to be dissolved like salt, sugar, kool aide etc.

  16. Classification of Mixtures • Homogeneous-constant composition throughout—or SAME throughout like salt + water • Heterogeneous-does not blend smoothly and the substances remain distinct like sand + water. DIFFERENT throughout

  17. Suspensions • Heterogeneous mixture is also called a suspension • Suspensions have large particles and they can settle out in layers • EX: Blood, some OJ, pizza

  18. Colloids • Consists of Medium sized particles • Milk is an emulsified colloid of liquid butterfat globules dispersed within a water-based solution • Can exist as solid, liquid, or gas • Examples: fog, smoke, whipped cream

  19. States of Matter The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  20. States of Matter The Four States of Matter Basis of Classification of the Four Types Based upon particle arrangement Based upon energy of particles Based upon distance between particles Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  21. States of Matter Demonstration • http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_states.html • http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_changes.html

  22. States of Matter Solids Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Solids have an infinite number of free surfaces. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  23. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volumebecause the particles are locked into place Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  24. States of Matter Liquids Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Liquids have one free surface. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  25. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another. Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles. Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  26. States of Matter Gases Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Gases have no free surfaces. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  27. States of Matter Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one another. Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles. Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  28. How are particles arranged in solids, liquids, and gases?

  29. How are particles arranged in solids, liquids, and gases? • The particles of solids are close together and slow-moving. • The particles of liquids are farther apart and faster-moving than solids. • The particles of gases are farthest apart and move most rapidly.

  30. States of Matter Plasma A plasma is an ionized gas. A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields. Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  31. States of Matter Plasma Particles The negatively charged electrons (yellow) are freely streaming through the positively charged ions (blue). Chumbler - Properties of Matter

  32. Draw a model representing how particles are arranged in solids, liquids, and gases.

  33. Properties of Matter

  34. Physical Changes

  35. Physical change-a change in state • The substance is still the same substance • The FORM changes but chemical makeup doesn’t • DESCRIBES the substances

  36. Ice changes to water—water changes to ice, frozen water is still water

  37. Water changes to steam, a gas, when it is heated to its boiling point,water vapor condenses to form a liquid

  38. Properties of Matter • How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) • How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, etc.) • How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.) • How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.) • What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.)

  39. Physical changes in matter A Physical change is a change in how matter looks, but not the kind of matter is it is. • Tear • Cut • Folded • Written • Liquid • Solid • Gas • Mixture • Solution

  40. Physical Properties of Common Substances

  41. Physical Properties—describe matter • Melting and boiling point are physical properties (the temperature at which a substance melts or boils) • State of matter is also a physical property (solid, liquid, gas) • Density is a physical property • Density is a measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are • http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/hotplate/index.html

  42. Breaking Crushing Cutting Bending Melting Freezing Boiling Can happen naturally People can cause changes Water evaporating Rain falling and causing puddles People cause change Recycling paper Recycling metal Other Physical Changes

  43. Chemical Properties and Changes • Chemical changes change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances • A match burns • Two substances mix together turn a color different from either of them • Toasting marshmallows • Melt it—physical change • Burn it—chemical change

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