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Eukaryotic Cell Structure

7-2. Eukaryotic Cell Structure. Organelles. All the tiny structures that are found inside a cell are called organelles Organelle = means “little organs” All Eukaryotic cells are divided into two parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the jellylike portion outside of the nucleus.

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Eukaryotic Cell Structure

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  1. 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

  2. Organelles • All the tiny structures that are found inside a cell are called organelles • Organelle = means “little organs” • All Eukaryotic cells are divided into two parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is the jellylike portion outside of the nucleus

  3. Nucleus • Contains all the cells DNA, which provides all the codes needed to make proteins and other important molecules • Nuclear envelope= is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus, it controls what moves in and out of the nucleus

  4. Chromatin = is the granular material you can see in the nucleus, it is the DNA bound to protein • When a cell divides, chromatin, becomes chromosomes, which is the DNA in a threadlike form • Chromosomes are what gets passed from one generation of cells to the next • Nucleolus = is the small dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

  5. Other Organelles • Ribosomes = where proteins are assembled (made) • Endoplasmic Reticulum = where lipids for the cell membrane are made, contains the ribosomes where proteins and other materials are made • Smooth ER has no ribosomes • Rough ER has ribosomes

  6. Golgi apparatus = modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or secretion out of the cell. • Lysosomes = digests and breaks down lipids (fats), carbohydrates, and proteins. They also get rid of “junk” that might otherwise clutter up the cell. • Vacuoles = store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates • Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with water

  7. Mitochondria = make energyby converting chemical food energy into a form the cells can use, ATP • Chloroplasts = found in plants. Capture energy from the sun and convert it to chemical “food” energy, sugar. • The process is known as photosynthesis • Only found in plant cells • Cytoskeleton = network of proteins that help the cell maintain its shape and with movement • Centrioles = located near the nucleus and help the cell organize during division • only found in animal cells

  8. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Chloroplast Ribosome Cell Membrane Cell Wall Golgi body Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Plant Cell

  9. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Ribosome Nucleolus Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear Envelope Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Centriole Golgi body Animal Cell

  10. Eukaryotic Cell Structure 2 Types Plant Animal Found only in plants The major parts found in both Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Mitochondria Cell Wall Chloroplast Controls What moves Into and out of the cell Provides shape Provides support Carry out Photosynthesis (makes food) Makes Protein from amino acids Makes energy Controls the cell (Contains DNA)

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