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Eukaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 7

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 7. Section 7–2. Comparing a Cell to a Factory It. What is an organelle? is a structure in eukaryotic cells that acts as if it is a specialized organ. Cell Diagram. Animal Cells Contain. Lysosomes Mitochondria E.R. Plant Cells Have. Cell Wall E.R.

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Eukaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 7

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  1. Eukaryotic Cell StructureChapter 7 Section 7–2

  2. Comparing a Cell to a Factory It • What is an organelle? • is a structure in eukaryotic cells that acts as if it is a specialized organ.

  3. Cell Diagram

  4. Animal Cells Contain • Lysosomes • Mitochondria • E.R.

  5. Plant Cells Have • Cell Wall • E.R. • Chloroplast

  6. What is the function of the nucleus? • It is the control center of the cell.

  7. What important molecule does the nucleus contain? • DNA

  8. The granular material visible within the nucleus is called • Chromatin

  9. What does chromatin consist of? It consists of DNA bound to protein.

  10. What are chromosomes? • They are distinct, threadlike structures formed of condensed chromatin that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

  11. Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the • nucleolus

  12. What occurs in the nucleolus? • This is where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

  13. What is the nuclear envelope? • It is a double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus.

  14. Ribosomes • What are ribosomes? • Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm that are involved in protein synthesis.

  15. Endoplasmic Reticulum • What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? • Ribosomes are found on the surface of rough ER. There are no ribosomes on smooth ER.

  16. Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi apparatus is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins before they are ready to leave the cell “factory.”

  17. Lysosomes • b. They break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness. • d. They contain enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

  18. Vacuoles • What are vacuoles? • Vacuoles are saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

  19. Central Vacuole • What is the role of the central vacuole in plants? • When the central vacuole is filled with liquid, the pressure within the vacuole supports the heavy structures of the plant, such as leaves and flowers.

  20. Vacuole • How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis? • By contracting rhythmically, the contractile vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell.

  21. True or False • Is the following sentence true or false? • Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes. • True

  22. Chloroplast and Mitochondria • Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of Small DNA molecules

  23. Chloroplast and Mitochondria • Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organisms? • They are descendants of ancient prokaryotes.

  24. Cytoskeleton • What is the cytoskeleton? • It is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape.

  25. Cytoskeleton

  26. Ribosome • Small particle of RNA and protein that produces protein following instructions from nucleus

  27. Endoplasmic reticulum • An internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane and some proteins are constructed

  28. Golgi apparatus • Stack of membranes in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins

  29. Lysosome • Filled with enzymes used to break down food into particles that can be used

  30. Vacuole • Saclike structure that stores materials

  31. Chloroplast • Organelle that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food.

  32. Mitochondrion • Uses energy from food to make high energy compounds

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