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Understanding Taxonomy and Phylogeny in Biology

Learn about taxonomy, the science of classifying organisms based on morphology, and phylogeny, the study of evolutionary relationships using DNA analysis. Explore Carl Linnaeus' binomial nomenclature system and how organisms are grouped into taxa. Discover how phylogenetic trees and clades help visualize evolutionary links. Use dichotomous keys to identify species through paired comparisons.

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Understanding Taxonomy and Phylogeny in Biology

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Classification Grouping similar organisms together

  2. Taxonomy • science of identifying, naming and classifying organisms • first developed by Carl Linneaus in 1750’s • based on morphology (body shape/form) • uses a 2 part Latin naming system called binomial nomenclature • 1st word is the genus, 2nd the species • Homo sapien (H. sapien) • Ursusamericanus • Ursusmaritimus

  3. species further grouped into different levels (taxa) • each level higher, organisms are less related

  4. Phylogeny • evolutionary development of a gp of organisms • use fossils, DNA analysis & proteins • more similar DNA & proteins are more closely related 2 things are

  5. Phylogenetic Trees • hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships

  6. Clades • tip of a branch on a phylogenetic tree • shows an ancestor species and all its descendants

  7. Dichotomous Key • way of determining the correct species of an organism • it uses a series of paired comparisons to sort organisms into smaller and smaller groups • ex Musicians

  8. Male Female Rap Pop From Napanee Not From Napanee

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