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Unit III Equality and Social Reform

Unit III Equality and Social Reform. Recent American History. Let’s See What You Know…. Introduction to the Civil Rights Movement. Work in assigned groups to develop definition of assigned word in “define in your own words” column

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Unit III Equality and Social Reform

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  1. Unit IIIEquality and Social Reform Recent American History

  2. Let’s See What You Know…

  3. Introduction to theCivil Rights Movement Work in assigned groups to develop definition of assigned word in “define in your own words” column Right down its significance to the civil rights movement as well as today…provide examples in each of these categories

  4. Groups • Discrimination • Ashley - Jackie • Vinny - A.J. • Ally - Eric • Cyle C. • Prejudice • Nora - Julie • Kyle C. - Kevin • Brandyn • Tyler • Racism • Christina - Jenn • Cristina - Alan • Connor - Greg • Alex R. • Segregation • Austin - Matt • Taylor - Royce • Phil L. - James • Alex C.

  5. Discrimination Making a distinction in favor of or against a person or “thing” What is discrimination’s significance to the civil rights movement? How does this word apply to today?

  6. Racism Hatred or intolerance of another race or other races What is racism’s significance to the civil rights movement? What does racism look like today?

  7. Prejudice An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought or reason What was prejudice’s significance to the civil rights movement? What place does prejudice hold today?

  8. Segregation The practice of separating people of different races, classes, or ethnic groups What is segregation’s significance to the civil rights movement? What does segregation look like today? Do we still segregate?

  9. What Should I Be Able To Do? • Explain how legalized segregation deprived African Americans of their rights as citizens • Describe the basis of the Brown vs. Board ruling • Trace the development of School Integration and explain the crisis in Little Rock

  10. Legislation that declares segregation or…desegregation

  11. Civil Rights Legislation • Plessy vs. Ferguson • Established the “separate but equal” clause • Declared that separation laws did not violate the 14th Amendment • Jim Crow Laws • Laws in South that segregated public facilities • Facilities provided to blacks always far inferior to those provided to whites

  12. Civil Rights Legislation • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Argued cases against segregation • Thurgood Marshall served as head lawyer • Most famous for winning the Brown vs. Board of Education case • Brown vs. Board of Education • Chief Justice: Earl Warren • Argument: Segregated schools hurt the equality of education • Outcome: To separate children solely based on race violated the equal protection clause of 14th amend

  13. Chief Justice Earl Warren’s Exact Words… • “To separate African American children from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to ever be undone…We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of “separate but equal” has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal”

  14. Doll Test and the Brown Ruling During the 1940s, psychologists Kenneth Clark and his wife Mamie Phipps Clark tried to demonstrate the negative effects of segregation on black children. They developed a test using four dolls, identical except for the skin color. When asked which doll they liked best, most of the black children chose the white doll. After the testing was completed, Clark concluded that "prejudice, discrimination, and segregation" caused African American children to develop a senses of inferiority and self-hatred. The results of the tests were used during court cases, including Brown v. Board, to show that segregation damaged the personality development of black children.

  15. TodaySeparate but Equal? • As we continue through the 21st century, segregation by law is gone, but economic disparities and continuing patterns of segregated housing, in the North and South, show that the battle for equality has not yet been fully won. • Sean Price, New York Times, Upfront • Personal thoughts?

  16. Brown II • Brown Two • Second ruling on Brown case • Required States to implement desegregation with “all deliberate speed”

  17. Integrating Little Rock High School

  18. ReadingA World of Black and White • Directions: • Work in your groups from yesterday… • Actively read article and complete note-guide. Be prepared to discuss the following questions: • What are some of the characteristics of the black classroom pictured on page 7? • Who were the Little Rock Nine? • What happened to Elizabeth Eckford the first day of school? • What did President Eisenhower do to help the Little Rock Nine? • What is meant by the statement “One Down…Eight to Go?”

  19. Groups • Group 1 • Ashley - Jackie • Vinny - A.J. • Ally - Eric • Cyle C. • Group 3 • Nora - Julie • Kyle C. - Kevin • Brandyn • Tyler • Group 2 • Christina - Jenn • Cristina - Alan • Connor - Greg • Alex R. • Group 4 • Austin - Matt • Taylor - Royce • Phil L. - James • Alex C.

  20. Little Rock Nine • Description • Governor in Arkansas ordered National Guard to turn away the 9 African-American students attending all white school • Nine verbally and physically harassed • Effects • Eisenhower forced to become involved; sent in paratroopers to “escort” 9 in and out • Only one student graduated

  21. Food For Thought… Why do you think the Brown vs. Board decision is such a landmark case in history?

  22. Big Picture Segregation remained widespread in the U.S. after WWII, especially in the South but there were signs of change. The Supreme Court ruling Brown vs. Board heralded the beginning of the modern civil rights movement.

  23. Segregation Continues… Big Events of the Civil Rights Movement But a little boycott in Montgomery, Alabama began to shake up the Jim Crow Reaction to Brown vs. Board Ruling…

  24. NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE • Nonviolent Resistance • Boycotts • Marches • Demonstrations • Civil disobedience

  25. Group Activity • Directions • Form groups of 4-5 students • Actively read your textbook (700 – 709), and complete the graphic organizer • Anything you read will be fair game for the test… if you are confused, ask for help! • In 45 minutes, we will play a “photo” game where groups will play against each other. I will show an image from the Civil Rights Movement and you will need to identify it + explain the significance of the event based on what you learn while completing your graphic organizer.

  26. Modeling My Expectations… What/who sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  27. Montgomery Bus Boycott • The Boycott Begins • Dec. 1st, 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a segregated Alabama bus • Arrested for violation of city’s segregation laws • Key Players • African Americans across city boycott bus system • Women’s Political Council (WPC) organized telephone chains, leaflets, and carpools • Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) created to promote and support boycott • Martin Luther King Jr. is the leader of MLA and spokesman for boycott

  28. MLK’s Exact Words… • “My friends, I want it to be known that we’re going to work with grim and bold determination to gain justice on the buses in this city. And we are not wrong, we are not wrong in what we are doing. If we are wrong, the Supreme Court and this nation is wrong. If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong….If we are long, justice is a lie. And we are determined here in Montgomery to work and fight until justice runs down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream.”

  29. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Effects of the Boycott • African-American community decides to boycott the Montgomery busses until they integrate (381 days) … nonviolently • In 1956 federal judges ruled against Montgomery segregation laws • Laid foundation for civil rights struggle in the 1960s • King became spokesman for the movement … “It was a great ride”

  30. Woolworth Sit-Ins • Description • Protested segregated lunch counters • Highly publicized • Protestors faced white violence • Effects • Media captured racism in south • Sparked many sit-ins across south

  31. Freedom Riders • Description • Protestors rode on segregated buses • Protestors brutally attacked • Effects • President Kennedy forced to become involved • Sent 400 U.S. marshals to protect riders • Banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities (waiting rooms, restrooms and lunch counters)

  32. Birmingham Riots • Birmingham Alabama • “Most racist city on earth” • Reputation for racial violence • Description • MLK and followers led marchers (majority children) • Most violent of all events (fire hoses, attack dogs, clubs) • Effects • JFK forced to take a stand • Begins the development of the Civil Rights Act

  33. Letter From a Birmingham Jail • “I guess it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, “wait.” But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill your black brothers and sisters;…when you see the vast majority of your 20 million Negro brothers smothering in the air-tight cage of poverty;…when you have to concoct and answer for a five-year-old son asking:..”Daddy, why do the white people treat the colored people so mean?”…then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait.”

  34. March on Washington • Description • Largest civil rights event • Organized to persuade Congress to pass the civil rights bill • Famous for MLK’s “I Have a Dream” • Effects • JFK pushes through Civil Rights Act of 64 • Church bombings; 4 die

  35. Fighting for the Right to Vote… • Freedom Summer • Campaign to register black voters in Mississippi • Selma March • March for the right to vote in Alabama • Brutally attacked by police

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