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Foreign Policy Chapter 16

Foreign Policy Chapter 16. Who makes foreign policy?. All actors have a role to play President Bureaucracy Congress Interest Groups Media. What do we value as a nation?.

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Foreign Policy Chapter 16

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  1. Foreign Policy Chapter 16

  2. Who makes foreign policy? • All actors have a role to play • President • Bureaucracy • Congress • Interest Groups • Media

  3. What do we value as a nation? • Isolationism- since Washington warned of avoiding foreign entanglements in his farewell address it has been the major thrust of our foreign policy until the mid 1800’s • In the mid 1800’s, the US dabbled with Imperialism and compelled weaker states in the western hemisphere to do what it wanted. • Largely, we wanted to stay out of the affairs of Europe until WWII • After WWII, we were left as one of the remaining 2 superpowers (along with the Soviet Union) • Couple this wealth with the erosion of Federalism during the new deal and you are left with a race for world policy domination

  4. Cold War Policy • Multilateralism- foreign policy which encourages the involvement of allies in coordinated action • Deterrence- MAD “Mutually Assured Destruction” • Containment- The US used its political, economic, and military power, to prevent the spread of communism to developing or unstable countries

  5. What are the instruments of modern foreign policy? • Diplomacy • United Nations • International Monetary Structure (IMF, World Bank) • Economic Aid • Collective Security • Military Deterrence

  6. United Nations • Created by the victorious allies after WWII and replaced the League of nations • The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights and achieving world peace.

  7. Division • The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); • The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security); • The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); • The Secretariat (provides studies, information and facilities needed by the UN); • The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ).

  8. The Expansion of The United Nations

  9. Who controls it? • The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members - China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States - and 10 non-permanent members, currently Belgium, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Libya, Panama, South Africa and Vietnam. • The five permanent members hold veto power over substantive but not procedural resolutions allowing a permanent member to block adoption but not to block the debate of a resolution unacceptable to it. • The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis.

  10. World Bank and IMF • The World Bank- set up to contribute funds to developing nations after WWII, the US contributes 1/3 of the total capital • International Monetary Fund- fund set up to lend money to nations if they have temporary budgetary deficits • Right now lots of nations are hitting up this institution for cash • Structural Adjustments- to be eligible for loans countries applying must often change things in their economy

  11. Defense Strategies • Multilateral treaties- a treaty among more than 2 nations • Bilateral treaties- a treaty between 2 nations • NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an attack on one nation was an attack on any nation • This reliance on allies allows for reduced defense spending for all Pg 695

  12. Roles Nations Play • Napoleonic Role- making the world safe for democracy, often through force. • Holy Alliance Role- opposite of Napoleonic and is meant to put down any change in the current order of the world. • Balance of Power Role- excepts political systems of all and only enters into treaties to retain borders and the interests of all. • Economic Expansionist Role- excepts all political systems and asks if countries are able to buy, sell, and honor their contracts.

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