1. Kidney Stones Brianne, Joe, and Rebecca

2. Although there is no definite or single cause of kidney stones, there are many factors that lead to the stones: • When the urine contains crystal-forming substances (calcium, oxalate, and uric acid), the fluid can be diluted within the urine • The urine can also lack these substances that keeps crystals from sticking together, causing the stones to easily form Causes

3. Severe pain in the sider and back, just below the ribs • Pain the spreads to the lower abdomen and groin • Pain coming in waves at different intensities • Pain during urination • Pink/red/brown urine • Cloudy/foul-smelling urine • Nausea and vomiting • Constant urge to urinate • Urinating more often than usual Symptoms

4. Calcium • Struvite • Uric Acid • Cystine Different types of Kidney Stones

5. For Calcium Oxalate Stones • Reducing sodium • Reducing animal protein • Getting enough calcium from food or supplements • Avoiding foods high in oxalate (spinach, rhubarb, nuts, and wheat bran) For Calcium Phosphate Stones: • Reducing sodium • Reducing animal protein • Getting enough calcium For Uric Acid: • Reducing animal protein Prevention

6. Pain medication when passing the stone on your own • If the kidney stone is too large to pass on your own, you can have shock wave lithotripsy Treatment

7. Tim Burton • Michelangelo • Billy Joel • Benjamin Franklin • Sir Isaac Newton • Gene Simmons Famous People with Kidney Stones

8. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/causes/con-20024829http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/causes/con-20024829 • http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/Kudiseases/pubs/kidneystonediet/index.aspx • http://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones_ShockWave.cfm • http://www.kidneystoners.org/information/13-famous-kidney-stoners/ • Magill’s Medical Guide Volume III Sources