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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Directional Terms Skeletal Structures Overview Types of Joints & Fractures. Skeletal System. Directional Terms Skeletal Structures Overview Types of Joints & Fractures. Directional Terms. Term Definition Example. Towards the head end.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Directional Terms Skeletal Structures Overview Types of Joints & Fractures

  2. Skeletal System Directional Terms Skeletal Structures Overview Types of Joints & Fractures

  3. Directional Terms Term Definition Example Towards the head end The forehead rostral to the nose Rostral (superior) Towards the tail end/lower part The pelvis is caudal to the breastbone Caudal (inferior) Towards the front/belly of the body The sternum is ventral to the spine Ventral (anterior) Towards the backside/behind of the body The spine is dorsal to the sternum Dorsal (posterior)

  4. Directional Terms Term Definition Example Towards the inner side/midline The ribcage is medial to the arm Medial Towards the outer side The arms are lateral to the chest Lateral Close to the axial part of the body The elbow is proximal to the wrist Proximal Away from the axial part of the body The wrist is distal to the elbow Distal

  5. Bones – An Overview Functions of the Bones: • Support: Bones form the internal framework that • supports the body and cradles its soft organs. •  leg bones act as pillars to support body trunk •  rib cage supports the thoracic wall (chest) • Protection: Bones protect vital & soft body organs • (eg. skull protects the brain; • vertebrae protects the spinal cord, etc.) • Movement: Bones act as levers to move the body and • its parts via controlling the tendons which • connects to the muscles

  6. Bones – An Overview Functions of the Bones: • Storage: Bones serve as a storehouse for minerals, especially • calcium and phosphorus (important for neural cells, • muscle cells and blood clotting process). • Blood cell formation (or hematopoiesis): Certain bones’ • marrow cavities have the ability to make and • renew red blood cells. There are 206 bones In the human body!

  7. Classification of Bones • Bones are classified according to shape into four(4) groups: a) Long bone c) Flat bone b) Short bone d) Irregular bone

  8. General Skeletal Structures Skull Thoracic cage Vertebral column Upper Limb Lower Limb

  9. General Skeletal Structures The skeleton is divided into two (2) parts: • Axial skeleton: •  forms the longitudinal axis of the body •  makes up of 75 bones •  consists of a) the skull • b) vertebral column • c) thoracic cage • Appendicular skeleton: •  is the auxiliary appendages of the body •  makes up of 131 bones •  consists of a) limbs • b) pectoral & pelvic girdles

  10. General Skeletal Structures Cranium Clavicle Scapula Vertebra Humerus Rib Radius Pelvis Ulna Sacrum Carpals Femur Metacarpals Phalanges Patella Tibia Tarsals Fibular Metatarsals Calcaneus Phalanges

  11. Types of Skeletal Articulation • Other than the hyoid bone in the neck, every bone is connected or jointed to • at least one other bone • There are three (3) types of joints Fibrous Joints (a) (f) Cartilaginous Joints (c) (g) (h) (d) (e) Synovial Joints (b)

  12. Types of Skeletal Articulation

  13. Types of Skeletal Articulation

  14. Types of Skeletal Articulation

  15. Types of Skeletal Articulation

  16. Common Types of Bone Fracture

  17. Common Types of Bone Fracture

  18. Common Types of Bone Fracture

  19. Common Types of Bone Fracture

  20. Common Types of Bone Fracture

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