POPULATION PYRAMIDS

POPULATION PYRAMIDS POPULATION PYRAMIDS – let’s review 

Population pyramids show the age/sex structure of a country • Tells you what % of the population is a certain age and gender

COHORT • A group of people of a certain age • Used to determine trends and see similarities and differences • 5 year groups are most common

DEPENDENCY LOAD • The number of people who are too old or too young to support themselves. • They are dependent on the rest of society • Generally it includes people who are under 15 years or over 65 • The higher this number is, the more taxes have to be paid for schools, hospitals, daycares, etc.

RAPIDLY EXPANDING • Very high birth rate • Population growing very fast (3-4% per year) • Low income countries

EXPANDING • High birth rate • Population growing (1-2% per year) • Middle to low income countries

STATIONARY • Births replace deaths • Population not changing much at all • High income countries

DECLINING • More deaths than births • Population shrinking • Potential social problems

Canada’s population • http://strategy.sauder.ubc.ca/antweiler/edutainment/pyramid.pdf (2009p. 23) • As you look at 2009, explain the peaks and valleys of the pyramid, starting from 1944.

Examine the following;

In partners or groups of three; What do you see as challenges or pros and cons for Canada in the next 20 years based on your observations of the two pyramids?

Canadian Population Patterns: • Canada’s overall population density may be low, but some parts of the country are much more crowded than others. As a result, 2 main patterns have developed.... • 1.) More than ½ of us live in large cities: • Pattern began in the 1920’s when farm workers moved to cities to find work in factories • Also, a huge wave of immigrants entered Canada and settled in cities because work was easier to find

Canadian Population Patterns: • 2.) The majority of Canadians live in Southern Canada • The strip from Windsor, Ontario to Quebec City, Quebec is about 1100km long, but contains nearly ½ of the total population of the country • Yukon, NWT, and Nunavut have 39% of Canada’s total land, but only about 0.3% of the total population

How Population Changes: • Natural Increase: is when the number of babies born during a specific time period is more than the number of deaths during the same period. • Natural Decrease: is when the deaths exceed births during a specific time period.

How Population Changes: • Net Migration: to get this number subtract emigration rate from immigration rate • Population Change: is found when demographers take the natural increase or decrease, (whichever applies) and add it to the net migration number. • AKA: Population Growth Rate

Dependency Ratio: Age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the dependent part) and those typically in the labor force (the productive part). It is normally expressed as a percentage: (# of people 0-14 + # of people 65+) Dependency Ratio= _______________________________ # of people aged 15-64

Dependency Ratio: • The (total) dependency ratio can be decomposed into the child dependency ratio and the aged dependency ratio: • Number of people aged 0-14 • Child dependency ratio=____________________________ X 100 • Number of people aged 15-64 • Number of people aged 65 and over • Aged dependency ratio= ___________________________ X 100 • Number of people aged 15-64

LET’S DO IT !!!! Time to calculate kiddies  • According to the World Bank – these are Canada’s stats in 2011. • Total population = 34 500 000 • Aged 65 and above = 4 981 800 • Young, 0-14 = 5 623 500 • Aged 15-64 = 23 894 700 • Answers!! • Child Dependency Ratio: 23.54 per 100 working (15-64) • Old Dependency Ratio: 20.84 per 100 working (15-64) • Total Dependency Ratio: 44.38 per 100 working (15-64)

1. Make a prediction for the future dependency ratio of Canada. What will happen to the proportion of youth, senior and working age populations? Why? 2. What are some of the potential impacts of high dependency ratios? 3. Suggest some possible ways of relieving the burden of an aging population.

Dependency Ratio: • As the ratio increases there may be an increased burden on the productive part of the population to maintain the upbringing and pensions of the economically dependent.

Demographic Trends Today First let’s look at the “generational groups”. Lab task

It’s all about the boomers!!! What has been the impact of Baby Boomers on North American society?

1960s Counter-culture as impetus for Social Change Questioning status quo… • Music • Fashion • Drugs • Sex • Demonstrations • Peace Symbols • Political Activism

New Fashion Hippies • miniskirts - 1964 • brightly • coloured dresses • knee-high boots • bell bottoms - 1964 • bikinis • Rejecting traditional values and lifestyles • Long hair • Drugs • Communes

Iconic moments for the Baby boomers: • Generational tension around DRUGS, SEX & ROCK N ROLL

Black Americans in the 1960s • Civil Rights Movement • Equal rights for Black Americans ? • Laws changed, desegregation • Assassination Of ML King Jr. sparked riots in over 100 cities. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pi6NeuFr5Us

Youth optimism:John F. Kennedy - US President from 1961-63 - Youngest elected to the office at 43 - Only Catholic President and first Irish American president - Assassinated on November 22, 1963 - His youth and liberal views on social issues inspired boomers Ask not what your country can do

Women in the 1960s • Increased enrollment in Universities • Increased women with careers. • A women’s protest movement began in the 1960s asking for equal rights for women at home, at work and in civil court (i.e. divorce)

The Pill • -Released in 1957 • Not promoted as contraception but rather to aid with cramps (this reduced some opposition) and the SexualRevolution • Moral Changes • Sexual Freedom • Increase in unmarried mothers • Premarital sex

Women started having more freedom … … Canadian population decreases

Woodstock- 1969 • August 15-18, 1969 • 500,000 people • Rolling Stone called it one of the 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock and Roll

War and discovery • Two others issues that dominated the USA (& influenced Canada) during the 1960s were the Vietnam War and Space Race. War from 1957-1975 (US withdraws in 1973) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4

Draft Dodgers -20 000 – 30 000 Draft Dodgers came to Canada -Accepted as immigrants

Other results of the boom… Wealth and Prosperity: -Canada became a source of natural resources during the war, this continued and American companies invested $12 billion between 1945-1960 -Marvin Harris developed the Cultural Materialist school of thought around the idea that economic factors change society Suburbia: -Limited urban land = subdivisions outside of city limits = cars = manufacturing jobs = Pleasantville!Malvina Reynolds - Little Boxes 1962 Education: - Elementary and secondary schools were built in huge numbers. - In the mid to late 60s new Universities and Community colleges had to be built. -Change from authoritarian education (3 R’s) to progressive education (student driven). Also Dr. Spock’s values on parenting led to more permissive parenting, “he ruined a generation”. -Canada took on a tremendous amount of national debt educating the baby boomers. But don’t worry boomers your kids and grandkids will pay the bill!

Great news!! LAST SUMMATIVE: Your Generation – Song analysis – The Why of ‘Y’

Discuss; How are baby boomers continuing to affect society today?

Brainstorm! • In partners or groups of three: • Brainstorm what you imagine your future will look like. • When will your career start? • How many careers do you imagine you’ll have? • When will retirement start for you? • What will it look like? What activities will you be doing? Video Clip- Sherry Cooper “The New Retirement”

How the Baby Boomers continue to affect change via their choices and their children’s choices. • The impact of the Echo Generation and Gen Y. • Watch Doc Zone x2 • “Boomerang Generation” • “How we got Gay”

POPULATION PYRAMIDS