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Mac Hird Engineering Systems Division, MIT

Studying Network Effects In Complex International Science, Technology and Innovation Partnerships: A Case Study Of The MIT Portugal Program. Mac Hird Engineering Systems Division, MIT Committee: Dava Newman Cesar Hidalgo Sebastian Pfotenhauer.

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Mac Hird Engineering Systems Division, MIT

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  1. Studying Network Effects In Complex International Science, Technology and Innovation Partnerships: A Case Study Of The MIT Portugal Program Mac HirdEngineering Systems Division, MIT Committee:Dava NewmanCesar HidalgoSebastian Pfotenhauer

  2. Complex International STI Partnerships: A booming phenomenon • Governments are increasingly utilizing international partnerships to build STI capacity • Focus: Universities • Student exchanges, joint research projects, dual degrees, or branch campuses… • New complex forms of partnerships emerging, that go beyond previous efforts: • Portugal: International Partnership Program • MIT, CMU, UT Austin, Harvard, Fraunhofer • Singapore: CREATE Campus, SUTD • MIT, Cambridge, ETH, TU Munich,… • Middle East • Masdar, KAUST…

  3. Government Rationales for International University Partnerships • Transition to innovation and knowledge-based economies • Universities are key: Simultaneously address… • Human research development • Research • Technology development, innovation, entrepreneurship, tech transfer • Institution-building, cultural change… • International linkages are key: • Integration into knowledge networks (“globalizing learning economy”) • Research networks increase productivity • Global competition: adoption/adaptation of international best-practices • International visibility & branding: attract best and brightest • Support Institutional and Cultural Change

  4. Why Study these Collaborations? • New policy instrument • Pool expertise from external organization to build domestic capacity • They are a new type of “tech transfer” • Transferring organizational and scientific practices rather than physical technology • Large investments of capital • Understudied: primarily practitioner-driven • Broader lessons for collaborative/open innovation and economic development

  5. Pilot Case study: MIT Portugal Program (MPP) • Multi-pronged international partnership between 6 PT universities and MIT • Collaborative research in four focus areas • 7 inter-institutional graduate programs • Collaborative innovation and entrepreneurship activities • Phase 1 (2006-12), Phase 2 (2013-17) • 4 main objectives (among others) : • Encourage PT universities to work closer together (MIT as incentive/”glue”) to build critical mass • Encourage Portuguese collaboration with MIT • High-impact research • Increase PT visibility and attractiveness

  6. MPP Systems Architecture Portugal • From Pfotenhauer, Roos and Newman, 2013

  7. MPP Systems Architecture Portugal MPP • From Pfotenhauer, Roos and Newman, 2013 MIT

  8. MPP Systems Architecture Portugal MPP • From Pfotenhauer, Roos and Newman, 2013 MIT

  9. Research Question • How do the collaboration networks of researchers change through the adoption of the MIT Portugal Program? • Has the collaboration network developed as policymakers have expected? • Future Questions: • How does the impact of CISTIPs compare across fields, institutions, and countries? • How do collaboration networks and network dynamics reflect partnership architectures? • How does this fit into national policy trajectories?

  10. Data Sources • Researcher-centric Collaboration Network • 297 MPP-Participating Faculty • Articles, Conference Proceedings, Books, and Book Chapters in • ISI Web of Science • Scopus (by Elsevier) • Focus on 1996 – 2014

  11. Control Group • 100 Non-MPP Portuguese Researchers • 4 universities (IST, Porto, Minho and Coimbra) • Select non-MPP faculty in Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering • Similar in age and pre-2006 number of publications • Not involved in the CMU or UT Austin collaborations in Portugal

  12. Confirming expectations: Portugal on the rise • Nearly 20% increase in the number of publications per faculty above the control group for those participating in MPP MPP Begins MPP Begins

  13. Effect on New and Experienced Researchers • Much larger effect on New Researchers, who are more than twice as productive on a yearly basis as their control group counterparts MPP Begins MPP Begins

  14. Effect on Existing Collaborations • What happens to a researchers existing network? • Do new connections caused by MPP augment a researcher’s collaboration network or replace it? • MPP Collaborations replace some existing network connections 2001-2006 2007-2014

  15. Effect on Intra-Portugal Networking • While there has been an increasing trend in Portuguese-Portuguese connections, MPP has accelerated this trend Portugal MPP MIT MPP Begins

  16. Intra-Portugal Networking 2001 - 2006 MIT MPP Portugal

  17. Intra-Portugal Networking 2007 - 2012 MIT MPP Portugal

  18. Spillover to broader collaboration network • MPP faculty are not only collaborating with other MPP faculty, but also with the networks of other MPP faculty No Introduction Introduction MPP MPP Non-MPP Non-MPP MPP MPP MPP Begins

  19. Conclusions • The MIT Portugal Program: • Led to more publications with a slightly higher impact factor • Led to more collaborations, both within Portugal, with American researchers and with researchers around the world • Has developed structurally as policymakers have expected • Develops connections which replace some existing relationships • Has positive spillovers to non-MPP faculty

  20. Future Work • Statistical Analysis of Network • Include other types of MPP interactions • Informal collaborations, acquaintance networks • Qualitative Data • To understand why and how particular relationships are formed • Match with systems architecture analysis • Other international partnerships • Including the other MIT collaborations and others from around the world • Extend research to non-university partnerships

  21. Looking at DifferentPartnerships Architectures • From Pfotenhauer, Roos and Newman, 2013

  22. Thank you

  23. Control and MPP Degree Distribution MPP Control

  24. Control and MPP clustering coefficient MPP Control

  25. Control and MPP Neighbourhood Connectivity MPP Control

  26. Control and MPP

  27. Control and MPP

  28. Control and MPP Network Measures

  29. MIT International Collaborations

  30. New International Collaborations • Large initial increase in collaboration between USA and Portugal due to MPP, but over time the diversity of collaborative connections has increased • “New International Connection” – First time collaboration between two researchers, even if they are connected elsewhere in the network MPP Begins MPP Begins

  31. New International Collaborations MPP Begins

  32. Effect on Intra-Portugal Networking MPP Begins

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