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Orientation in the landscape of IHL… . Overview of the lecture : . Jus ad bellum / jus in bello From ” war ” to a ” armed conflict ” Triggering Humanitarian Law The substance of Humanitarian law:The law of the Hague, the law of Geneva and the ” current of New York”.
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Overviewof the lecture: • Jus ad bellum / jus in bello • From ”war” to a ”armedconflict” • TriggeringHumanitarianLaw • The substanceofHumanitarianlaw:Thelawof the Hague, the lawofGeneva and the ”currentof New York”
Jus ad bellum/Jus in bello • Historically the emphasis has shiftedbetween the two • Theirequalapplicability is todayaxiomaticallyembraced (Dualistic axiom) • However, there are also forces working in the opposite direction, i.e. in the direction of conflating jus ad bellum with jus in bello:
From ”war” to ”armedconflict” • The disappearanceofwar as a legal term of art. • Jus ad bellum • Jus in bello
TriggeringHumanitarianLaw • International ArmedConflict (IAC) (GC CA2) • Problems ofapplication
TriggeringHumanitarianLaw (contin.) • Belligerentoccupation GC (CA2 para. 2) • Non-international armedconflict (NIAC) GC CA3 • Thresholdofapplicability • AP II in 1977 WhenNIACsreceived a morethoroughregulation it came at the priceof a muchhigherthresholdofapplicability • CA3 providesthatexistenceof a NIAC will not affect the legal status of the partiesto the conflict
From inter-stateconflictsto… • CA 2 ”whichmayarisebetweentwo or moreof the HighContractingParties…” (i.e. Interstateconflicts) • And yet… • Article1(4) AP 1 and warsof national liberation. • The Israel Supreme Court in e.g. The ”TargetedKilling Judgment”
From internalarmedconflictsto … • CA3 ”occuring in the territoryofoneof the HighContractringParties”; Article 1(1) APII ”whichtakeplace in the teritoryof a HighContracting party; RomeStatute art. 8(2)(f) ”takeplace in the territoryof a state. • And yet… • Spilloverconflicts
From internalarmedconflictsto… (contin.) • And yet … • InternationalizedNIACs? • Transnational NIACs?
The Substanceof IHL: The Lawof the Hague, the LawofGeneva and the ”current” of New York • The Law of the Hague (Conduct of hostilities) • The Law of Geneva (Protection of Victims of war) • The “Current” of New York (the U.N. and Humanitarian law)
