Mongols , Arabs/Islamic and the Turkish Empire

1. Generic Saljuk Soldier Marco Polo Genghis Khan Abbasid Soldiers Mongols ,Arabs/Islamic and the Turkish Empire By, Leana Adler, Bohdan Semak, Erik Levine and Chelsea Chang Saljuq Trade Route Silk Road

2. MONGOL-CONQUEST AND INVASIONS • Mongols 13th - 14th century • Only in the 12th century, under the rule of Chinggis Khan, were Mongolia’s clans gathered under one flag, becoming a unified nation. • Included many lands from china to the Ukraine. • Eventually fell apart into separate kingdoms • Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan were conquered and ruled by the Mongol Empire’s Golden Horde Dynasty from 1237 until 1382 • We’re not able to conquer India because of the mountainous terrain.

4. MONGOL TRADE FACTS • Made trade routes safer • More merchants begun to trade because of improved safety. • Famous merchants like Marco Polo begun to trade with lands from everywhere all the way to China ( silk road). • products like a bucket brigade, goods were traded from one middleman to another, moving from China all the way to the West • Merchants brought clothing, food, information, and other provisions to the imperial palaces, and in return the Great Khans gave the merchants tax exemption • although they were mostly part of the eastern world Mongol trade spread out far into the west. • They traded with people from India (Indian ocean trade), China, Arabia, Northwest Africa ( sub Saharan kingdoms), Egypt, and Southwest Persia, and practically all the other lands that the Muslim empire traded with as well.

6. ARABS/ ISLAMIC KINGDOMS-CONQUEST AND INVASIONS • The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) • The first dynasty that spread Islam to many lands. Included the lands of India, North Africa, and Spain and the Middle East. • The capital of Islam moves to Damascus, Syria • Build roads • Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) • Over threw the Umayyad Dynasty after 3 years of fighting • Secured the lands • the capital of Islam moved from Damascus to Baghdad, Iraq.

7. THE CONQUEST

8. -TRADE OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE( WHAT THEY TRADED AND WITH WHO)

9. REGIONS AND TRADE ROUTES

10. TRADE FACTS • While trading with many different people Muslim merchants were able to spread their faith ( India's costal regions) • Large trade routes formed going from china to Europe. • Along these trade routes caravans formed that transported the trade goods. • Means of transportation included ships, camels, and horses. • Because the Muslim trade routes were so vast they interacted with many different peoples on different regions of the earth. They included India (Indian ocean trade), China, Byzantine (through war), Arabia, Northwest Africa ( sub Saharan kingdoms), Egypt, andSouthwest Persia

11. TURKISH EMPIRE (SALJUQ TURKS)-CONQUEST AND INVASIONS • The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) • The Crusade Road was a channel that was taken over by Seljuks • They sought to develop their inland cities such as Sivas, Tokat and Niğde to take advantage of this trade.

13. TURKISM EMPIRE TRADE

14. TRADE FACTS • Manufacture of goods was highly encouraged by the Seljuks. • The trade currency was the dirrhem, generally struck with the reigning Sultan's name, and sometimes with elaborate symbols, such as a horseman, star, sun, lion, or crescent. Most of the coinage was minted in Konya, in copper, silver and gold. • To travel they used camels, as they adapted to local geographic conditions, and were the most efficient of all animals for speed, endurance and load capacity. • A camel train (called a "katar") was comprised of little groups of 7 camels led by a donkey

16. NAME THAT TRADE! WHICH TRADE ROUTE DID THE MONGOLS, ARABS/ISLAM AND THE TURKISH EMPIRE TAKE? NAME THREE THINGS THINGS THEY TRADED The Group to hand in a correct answer sheet first wins! Good luck.

17. READY

18. SET

19. GO!