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Physiology of the Heart

Physiology of the Heart. Conduction on The Heart. Nodal system Enforces a contraction rate of approx 75 beats per minute Sinoatrial node (SA) “Pace maker” Right atrium Atrioventricular node (AV) Between atria and ventricles. Conduction continued. SA node starts heart beat

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Physiology of the Heart

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  1. Physiology of the Heart

  2. Conduction on The Heart • Nodal system • Enforces a contraction rate of approx 75 beats per minute • Sinoatrial node (SA) “Pace maker” • Right atrium • Atrioventricular node (AV) • Between atria and ventricles

  3. Conduction continued • SA node starts heart beat • Impulse travels across heart to apex and “wrings” the heart

  4. Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds • Systole- Contraction • Diastole- Relaxation

  5. Mid-to-late diastole • Pressure is low • Heart relaxed • AV valves open semilunar valves closed • Blood flowing from artia to ventricles

  6. Ventricular systole • Contraction • Pressure in ventricles high • AV valves closed • Atria filling • Ventricles push blood out

  7. Early diastole • Semilunar valves shut • Ventricles closed • AV valves open when pressure in atria is higher than ventricles

  8. Heart Sounds • Lub- closing of AV valves • Dub- closing of semilunar valves at end on systole

  9. Cardiac Output • Amount of blood pumped by each side of heart in 1 minute • CO= HR x SV • HR= heart rate • SV= stroke volume

  10. Blood Pressure • Pressure blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels

  11. Measuring blood pressure • Systolic Pressure- pressure in arteries at the peak ventricular contraction usually 120or less • Diastolic Pressure- pressure during ventricular relaxation usually 80 or less

  12. Blood Pressure problems • Hypertension • High blood pressure • May be due to arteriosclerosis (clogged arteries) • Hypotension • No cause for concern • Usually result of physical conditioning

  13. Heart Problems • “Heart attack” • Myocardium deprived of oxygen (angina) • May cause fibrillation which makes heart useless • “Heart murmur” • Blood flow not smooth • Usually caused by faulty valves

  14. More Heart Problems • Atherosclerosis • Plaque build-up on blood vessel walls • Usually need balloon surgery or lasers

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