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Graphics in R

Graphics in R. X<-c(1:25) Y<-X^2. Plot(X,Y) #more examples later. plot(X,Y,type="l") # more examples later. plot(X,Y,type="b"). plot(X,Y,type="c"). plot(X,Y,type="o"). plot(X,Y,type="S"). Main and labels.

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Graphics in R

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  1. Graphics in R

  2. X<-c(1:25) • Y<-X^2

  3. Plot(X,Y)#more examples later

  4. plot(X,Y,type="l") # more examples later

  5. plot(X,Y,type="b")

  6. plot(X,Y,type="c")

  7. plot(X,Y,type="o")

  8. plot(X,Y,type="S")

  9. Main and labels • plot(X,Y,main="Fuelconsumption for cars", xlab="weight of car",ylab="cl per mile",cex.lab=1.5, sub ="source: Källa",cex.main=2) • Xlab creates label for X • Ylab creates label for Y • Sub creates subtitle • cex.lab decides size of text on labels • cex.main decides size of text on header

  10. plot(X,Y) • It is problematic to use function ”title” for writing labels because it writes over original labels • title(main="Fuelconsumption for cars", xlab="weight of car",ylab="cl per mile”)

  11. par(mfrow=c(2,2)) #Multiple graphs in one picture. Choose your own dimensions i with • # To illustrate different points is given by pch • X<-c(1,2,3,4,5) • Y<-X^2 • plot(X,Y, pch=1, main=" turned squares") • plot(X,Y, pch=2, main ="triangel") • plot(X,Y, pch=3,main="plus") • plot(X,Y, pch=4,main="X")

  12. Get your own symbols • plot(X,Y, pch="*",main=”starplot") • Or choose your own string • z<-c("H", "Å", "K", "A", "N") • plot(X,Y, pch=z,main="Nameplot")

  13. Text instead of points • data<-read.table("Rstudy.txt",header=TRUE) • attach(data) • plot(beer,wine,type="n") • text(beer,wine,country)

  14. Regression • library(foreign) • lnu91<-read.dta("lnu91.dta") • gender<-lnu91$y10 • wage<-lnu91$y472 • age<-lnu91$y11 • lnu<-data.frame(wage,age,gender) • lnu<-na.omit(lnu) • rm(lnu91) • rm(age,wage,gender) • lnu<-subset(lnu, age<67 & wage<300&wage>0) • attach(lnu) • plot(age,log(wage)) • abline (lm(log(wage) ~ age )) #regressionslinje

  15. Show different subgroups plot(age,wage,col=as.numeric(gender)) • Col sets colour. • R has over 650 different colours. Get a list with colors() • plot(age,wage,col=as.numeric(gender),pch=as.numeric(gender)) • Pch sets different characters • Use replace to get the ”right” number

  16. Saving graphs • In pdf • pdf("myfile.pdf") • plot(X,Y)…………… • dev.off() • In postscript • postscript("myfile.eps“, horizontal=FALSE) (A4) • plot(x,y) …………… • dev.off() • In JPEG • jpeg("myfile.jpeg") • plot(X,Y)…… • dev.off() • Similar is available for png and bmp

  17. Drawing functions • curve(atan(x),-25,25) • z<-seq(-25,0,0.01) • a <-seq(0,25,0.01) • z2<-c(rep(-1.57,length(z))) • a2<-c(rep(1.57,length(a))) • lines(a,a2,lty=2) • lines(z,z2,lty=2) • title(main="arctan")

  18. Plotting normaldistribution • For educationalpurposes (Picture on next slide) • nx<-seq(-3,3,0.01) • N<-dnorm(nx) • plot(nx,N,type="l") • polygon(c(nx[nx>=1.96],1.96),c(N[nx>=1.96],N[nx==3]),col="pink") • arrows(2.6,0.1,2.5,0.01) • text(2.65, .12,"2.5 %")

  19. Histogram • hist(wage) • hist(wage,breaks=40) • hist(wage,breaks=40,freq=FALSE) • hist(wage,breaks=seq(0,300,20)) • It is possible to cheat R with!!! • hist(wage,breaks=c(0,25,50,75,100,125,500),freq=TRUE) • With normal distribution curve • hist(wage,breaks=40, prob=TRUE) • x <- seq(0,400,1) • lines(x,dnorm(x,mean(wage),sd(wage)))

  20. Normal distributed? • qqnorm(wage) • qqline(wage) • qqnorm(log(wage)) • qqline(log(wage))

  21. Barchart • occu<-c(rep("Steelworker",320),rep("Chef",250),rep("Gardner",200),rep("Constructionworker",130)) • barplot(occu) #doesn’t work • occ.table <- table(occu) • farger<-c("gold1", "gold2", "gold3", "gold4 ") #Chooses a string with colournames) • barplot(occ.table,col=farger) • barplot(occ.table,col=farger) • barplot(occ.table,col=farger,horiz=TRUE,main="occupations",xlab="Frequency") • Source for further barcharts issuses • http://ww2.coastal.edu/kingw/psyc480/html/barplot_tips.html

  22. Barcharts continuing • Gender<-rep(c("man","man","woman","woman","woman","man","man","man","woman","man"),time=90) #creates Gender variabel • Occ.table2<-table(Gender,occu) • Occ.table2<-table(Gender,occu) #legend gives ”box” • barplot(Occ.table2,legend=T,ylim=c(0,400)) • # Bedside gives pairwise, ylim sets range of y • barplot(Occ.table2,legend=T,ylim=c(0,250),beside=T)

  23. Piechart • seq(0.4,1.0,length=4) • 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 • pie(occ.table, col=gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length = 4))) • Radius decides how big radius is to be • Too change background colour: • par(bg="pink") # sets to pink until changed • pie(occ.table, col=gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length = 4)))

  24. Different sizes of the symbols • Different sizes of the symbols is given by • Q<-c(7,3,4,5,12) #gives different sizes for the coordinates • symbols(X,Y,squares = Q) • # Färglägger • W<-c(2,3,6,3,6) • symbols(X,Y,squares = Q,fg=W) • symbols(X,Y,squares = Q,bg=W) • symbols(X,Y,squares = Q,bg=W,fg=W) • Country<-c ("Sweden", "Iceland", "Denmark", "Finland", "Norway") • text(X,Y,Country)

  25. Different kinds of lines • par(mfrow=c(2,1)) • plot(X,Y, type=“l”,lty=0, main= “blank line”) • plot(X,Y, type=“l”,lty=1, main= “solid line”) • plot(X,Y, type=”l”,lty=2, main= “dashed line”) • plot(X,Y, type=”l”,lty=3, main= “dotted line”) • plot(X,Y, type=”l”,lty=4, main= “dotdash line”) • plot(X,Y, type=”l”,lty=5, main= “longdash line”) • plot(X,Y, type=”l”,lty=6, main= “twodash line”)

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