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Understanding Biological Theories of Motivated Behavior in Brain Systems

Explore the intricate network of brain systems regulating motivated behavior, emotions, and perceptions through biological theories like natural selection, framed reality, basic motivations, and emotions. Discover the role of structures like the hypothalamus and amygdala in shaping human responses and experiences.

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Understanding Biological Theories of Motivated Behavior in Brain Systems

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  1. Biological Theories • Rationale • Papers: • 1. Swanson, L.W. (2000). Cerebral hemisphere regulation of motivated behavior. Brain Research, 886, 113-164. • 2. LeDoux, J.E. (1998). The Emotional Brain. Chapter 6: A few degrees of separation. New York: Simon and Schuster. • 3. Gray, J.A. (1995). A model of the limbic system and basal ganglia: applications to anxiety and schizophrenia. In Gazzaniga, M.S. (Ed.). The Cognitive Neurosciences (pp. 1165-1176). Cambridge: MIT Press. • 4. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). Chapter 5: Goals and behavior. In Authors, On the self-regulation of behavior (pp. 10-82). Selected Readings. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

  2. The nature of reality • Networks of complex causation • There is far more to reality than you see • There is far more to reality than you can see

  3. The world is framed

  4. The world is framed

  5. Proliferation and Death Natural Selection: The solution to the frame problem

  6. Brain Systems

  7. The world must be framed • Motivation sets frame • Not “goals,” not “drives,” not “reflexes” • Includes goals, emotions, perceptions, actions • Emotions track progress • Ahead • Stop, Back

  8. The world is framed • Motivation sets goals • Emotions track progress towards goals • There is some overlap, because there is no single “motivation” system and no single “emotion” system

  9. Basic Motivations? • Hunger • Thirst • Pain • Anger/Aggression • Thermoregulation • Panic/Escape • Affiliation/Care • Sexual Desire • Exploration • Play • Self Maintenance • Ingestive • Defensive • Self Propagation • Reproductive

  10. Hypothalamus

  11. Basic Emotions? • Approach (behavioral activation) • Curiosity • Joy • Hope • Interest • Defense & avoidance (flight & behavioral inhibition) • Pain • Anxiety • Disgust

  12. Normal or Incremental Anomaly

  13. Order and Chaos Revolutionary Anomaly

  14. Vinogradova

  15. Hippocampus • Old idea • Compares what is expected to what is • Problem: what is • New idea • Compares model of what is to what is desired

  16. Amygdala • Mismatch • Hippocampal disinhibition • of reticular activating system inputs • to amygdala

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