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Ethical Considerations in IVF, Cloning, and Stem Cell Research: Balancing Innovation and Morality

This article explores the ethical dimensions of modern reproductive technologies, including IVF, cloning, and stem cell research. It highlights the warnings from pioneers like Dr. Robert Edwards and Watson, the moral philosophies of Kant and Mill, and the regulatory frameworks established by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in the UK. Additionally, it addresses various viewpoints on the sanctity of life, the plight of unused embryos, and real-world implications, such as the Hashmi family's quest for genetic compatibility through preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

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Ethical Considerations in IVF, Cloning, and Stem Cell Research: Balancing Innovation and Morality

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Advance warnings • Dr Robert Edwards, the pioneer, called for regulation before success • Watson (DNA) warned about cloning and surrogacy in 1971

  2. Autonomy • Immanuel Kant 1724-1804 • Man must not be treated as a means to an end but as an end in himself

  3. John Stuart Mill • Each is the proper guardian of his own health • Third parties may be harmed • Multiple births, allocation of resources, safety

  4. Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority UK • Established by 1990 Act • Licences and monitors clinics and laboratories, IVF and embryo research • 21 members appointed after advertisement

  5. The Ethical Debate • Catholic Church believes that life starts at conception • Cardinal Trujillo announced excommunication for stem cell research

  6. The Different Views • Christopher Reeve supported research • Jewish position that healing is an obligation • Many embryos are left to perish after IVF

  7. Frozen Embryos • Law provides for 5-year storage • 1996 – thousands had to be destroyed • Donors could not be found • May be kept 10 years with consent after law changed

  8. Ethics • Human dignity, worth and autonomy • The welfare of the potential child • Safety • Respect for the status of the embryo • Saving life through new technology

  9. Animal-human embryos

  10. Cloning Dolly

  11. Supporters of Research I • Nancy Reagan and Michael J. Fox spoke up for it

  12. Supporters of Research II • John Kerry (with Mrs. Reeve) debated with President Bush • Presidents Ford, Carter and Clinton

  13. The Hashmi Family • Zain suffered from beta thalassaemia and needed blood from a compatible sibling • Need an embryo free of the disease • Need an embryo that is also compatible

  14. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

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