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ARE ALL ROCKS MINERALS?

ARE ALL ROCKS MINERALS?. HOW DOES MATTER CHANGE?. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER: NO MATTER CAN BE CREATED OR DESTROYED SOLID ―›LIQUID: MELTING LIQUID ―› GAS: EVAPORATION,BOILING GAS ―› LIQUID: CONDENSATION LIQUID ―› SOLID: FREEZING SOLID ―› GAS: SUBLIMATION

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ARE ALL ROCKS MINERALS?

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  1. ARE ALL ROCKS MINERALS?

  2. HOW DOES MATTER CHANGE? • LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER: • NO MATTER CAN BE CREATED OR DESTROYED • SOLID―›LIQUID:MELTING • LIQUID ―› GAS: EVAPORATION,BOILING • GAS ―›LIQUID: CONDENSATION • LIQUID ―› SOLID: FREEZING • SOLID ―› GAS: SUBLIMATION • GAS ―› SOLID: CRYSTALLIZATION

  3. WHAT IS A MINERAL? • NATURALLY OCCURRING: Formed by natural processes. • INORGANIC: Do not come from living organisms. • SOLIDS: All minerals are solid • DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS: Each mineral has a unique composition (SiO2). • CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE: The atoms are arranged in regular geometric patterns.

  4. HOW ARE MINERALS FORMED? • MINERALS FROM MAGMA: Minerals can form from cooling magma from volcanoes. • MINERALS FROM SOLUTIONS: In nature if a solution of water becomes supersaturated, or overfilled, mineral crystals will begin to precipitate, or drop out of the solution.

  5. MAJOR CRYSTAL SYSTEMS • CUBIC • HEXAGONAL • TETRAGONAL • ORTHORHOMBIC • MONCLINIC • TRICLINIC

  6. MINERAL GROUPS • SILICATES: Silicon + Oxygen + metals Make up 96% of all minerals • CARBONATES: CO3 + metals • SULFATES: SO4 + metals • OXIDES: Oxygen + metals • HALIDES: Halogens + metal • SULFIDES: Sulfur + metals

  7. HOW DO WE IDENTIFY MINERALS? • COLOR: What color is the mineral? • LUSTER: Metallic or nonmetallic • TEXTURE: How does it feel? • STREAK: Rub a mineral across an unglazed porcelain tile, what color does it leave behind? • HARDNESS: One of the most useful tests, measures how easily a mineral can be scratched.

  8. CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE:Cleavage is when a mineral splits evenly along one or more planes. Fracture occurs when a mineral breaks roughly, jagged along the edges because of tightly bonded atoms. • DENSITY & SPECIFIC GRAVITY:D = Mass/Volume; Specific gravity = ratio of weight of the substance/weight of equal volume of water at 4˚ C.

  9. WHAT IS A GEM? • A RARE AND BEAUTIFUL MINERAL OR ROCK • WHAT IS AN ORE? • A ROCK THAT CONTAINS MINERALS YOU CAN MINE FOR USE TO MAKE A PROFIT • (EXAMPLE: BAUXITE; AN ORE MINED FOR ALUMINUM TO MAKE SODA CANS, POTS, PANS ETC.)

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