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Experimental Procedures and Data Tables: A Comprehensive Guide

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19 diapositives · 319 Views · Aug 01, 2014

This instruction guide covers the essential aspects of designing experiments, writing procedures, collecting data, and reporting findings. Learn about variables, data tables, graphing instructions, and analyzing data to draw accurate conclusions. Helpful tips and examples provided!

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  1. Procedures and Data Tables Instruction Guide

  2. Review • What is the name of the variable that is changed in the experiment? • What is the name of the variable that is measured in an experiment? • How many variables can be changed in an experiment? • Why only one? • All of the factors that stay the same in an experiment have a name…what are they called? • What do you call the group that is used for a comparison to the independent variable?

  3. Writing Procedures Do’s • Short and concise. • Tell EXACTLY HOW to do the measurement. • Three steps is a MINIMUM requirement to show a sequence of steps

  4. Writing Procedures Do Not’s • “Gather materials”. • “Record data”. • Does not tell what is being recorded or how it is being measured.

  5. OR Something crappy

  6. Example Procedures • Pour 25 mL of hydrogen peroxide into a 250 mL beaker. • Place 0.1 grams of liver in the beaker. • Record data. • Measure the amount of oxygen gas bubbles produced and record in data table.

  7. Example Procedures • Put some hydrogen peroxide in a container. • Repeat steps 1-3. • Repeat steps 1-3 for hot peroxide and again for iced peroxide. • Record height of the plant in centimeters. • Place soil into a cup.

  8. Practice Writing Procedures • When we start writing procedures we will first start by drawing small pictures of what we’ve done.

  9. Lets Try in Our Lab • Draw your procedures in the space provided. I will work with you using the document camera. • In the time provided, write your procedures from the pictures you drew.

  10. Data Collection and Reporting • When collecting data we use a flag chart. • Example:

  11. Stopping What still to do today: • Assign. Experimental Design Worksheet • Cells 10 for 10 EC • Fun Friday Quiz (I owe you one from last week) • Demonstration • Paperwork

  12. Reporting Data • Graphing Instructions - Using the data table, be sure to provide: • An appropriate title -explains the relationship between the independent and dependent variables: • “The Effect of the IV (for your experiment) on the DV (for your experiment)” • “The Relationship Between the IV (for your experiment) and the DV (for your experiment)”

  13. Reporting Data • Acceptable Titles: • The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Catalase Reaction • The Relationship Between Light and Food Consumption in Guppies • Unacceptable titles: • Temperature v. Catalase • Light and Food Consumption • Fun With Enzymes!

  14. Graphing Instructions • When a single set of data is to be graphed, the independent variable, with units of measure, is labeled on the x-axis • The independent variable, with units of measure, is labeled on the x-axis • The dependent variable, with units of measure, is labeled on the y-axis

  15. Graphing Instructions • When comparing two sets of data over time, • Label the x-axis in the time increments. • The independent variable data will be plotted • Provide a key so the reader can determine which independent variable relates to each data line.

  16. Graphing Instructions • Appropriate number scales • Determine the maximum value and round up • Establish what you will “count by” to assign values to each segment of the graph • Number all of the graph space provided. • Do this for both the x-axis and the y-axis

  17. Graphing Instructions • Correctly plotted data with key • Make the data points obvious • Do not start with zero unless you have a value of zero in your data table. • If your graph involves more than one set of data, be sure to provide a key that defines, or names, each line.

  18. Analyzing Data and Conclusions • What is data? • The data collected in an experiment always tells the scientist something. • The scientist would like for the data to support their hypothesis, but as much can be learned from data that is invalid or rejects the hypothesis. • The basis for the conclusion that the scientist draws is the data collected from the experiment.

  19. Conclusion • Summarize the results of the experiment. • State if the hypothesis is supported or rejected based on the data. • Quantitative data (numbers from the experiment) should be given to support the conclusion.