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Scientific Inquiry & Problem Solving

Scientific Inquiry & Problem Solving. Kimberly Davis Forensics. Bell-ringer Activity. Pick up one of each of the handouts from the table quietly. Have a seat in the desk that has your name on it. Complete the Student Information Handout. Agenda. Introduction

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Scientific Inquiry & Problem Solving

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  1. Scientific Inquiry & Problem Solving Kimberly Davis Forensics

  2. Bell-ringer Activity • Pick up one of each of the handouts from the table quietly. • Have a seat in the desk that has your name on it. • Complete the Student Information Handout.

  3. Agenda • Introduction • Classroom Policies and Procedures • Safety Handout • Tiger Tip Review • Code of Conduct Review • Begin Notes

  4. AHSGE Biology Bellringer #1 Date: _____1. Dogs given Vitamin E _____2. Dogs not given Vitamin E _____3. Skin condition of dogs _____4. Vitamin E _____5. Breed of dog A. Constant B. Control group C. Dependent variable D. Experimental group E. Independent variable

  5. A common problem among Miniature Schnauzer dogs is dry, itchy skin. Discuss how scientific methods could be used to do an experimental test of this hypothesis: • If Miniature Schnauzers with dry, itchy skin are given a daily dose of Vitamin E with their food, then their skin condition will improve. • Set up 2 groups of the dogs that have dry skin. Give one group Vitamin E in their food, but put no Vitamin E in the food of the other group.

  6. AHSGE Biology Bellringer #1 Date: __D__1. Dogs given Vitamin E __B__2. Dogs not given Vitamin E __C__3. Skin condition of dogs __E__4. Vitamin E __A__5. Breed of dog A. Constant B. Control group C. Dependent variable D. Experimental group E. Independent variable

  7. Mystery Bag Lab • Follow the instructions on the Mystery Bag Worksheet.

  8. Essential Question • Why do crime scene investigators use a specific order of steps when investigating a murder?

  9. Discuss • How does a CSI approach a crime scene? • How do they solve the crime?

  10. Experiments/Problem Solving • Something as simple as changing from one type of shampoo to another in hopes of an improved effect is a type of simple experiment. • Can you think of another example?

  11. Cultural Diversity Shamans • Healers • Rainforest of Central & S. America • Observe & test local plants until they find which ones work • Today scientists work with these shamans in manufacturing prescription drugs.

  12. Vocabulary Mixer • In your groups, try to match the vocabulary words with the appropriate definition. • Do not bend the slips of paper! • After I have checked your matches, please put the papers back in the bags and give them to me.

  13. State the Problem • Observations: the information gathered using any of your senses • made throughout the scientific experiment, not only at the beginning • lead you to ask a question or identify (state) a problem

  14. Gather Information • use reference materials such as: • Encyclopedias • Dictionaries • Scientific magazines and journals • World wide web • not all information is relevant or useful to a particular science topic

  15. How do you know if it is relevant? • Is the information outdated? • Is it accurate or just someone’s opinion? Can the information be verified elsewhere? • Is it from a reputable source? • Who is the intended audience? • Why is this the best source to use? • How can the information be used?

  16. Form a Hypothesis • Hypothesis: a possible answer to the question • can be tested by an experiment

  17. Test the Hypothesis • Experiment: tests the affect of one thing on another using controlled conditions • Contain many variables • Variables: the factors that affect the experiment

  18. Variables • Independent variable: the variable that is being tested & is intentionally changed or manipulated • Dependent variable: the variable that might be affected as a result of that intentional change • Constant: factor that does not change when other variables change; • may have numerous constants in an experiment • Control : the standard by which the test results can be compared • Experimental Group: a set of items or people under study to determine the effect of an event, a substance, or a technique

  19. Odds tell the Evens: What is the difference between independent and dependentvariables?

  20. Evens tell the Odds: What is the difference between a control and a constant?

  21. How might NASA scientists set up an experiment to solve the problem of the damaged tiles that caused the Columbia space shuttle accident? They might make tiles of many different materials and subject them all to the heat and other stresses encountered by the shuttle.

  22. NASA experiment variables: • The materials used • the amount of heat the tile can withstand without being damaged • the conditions to which the tiles were subjected • tiles from the first shuttles Independent variable: Dependent variable: Constants: Controls:

  23. Bird Feeder Experiment • My neighbor has a clear bird feeder that 3 birds frequent each day. • I bought one clear, one red, and one blue feeder to see if color will affect which feeder a bird chooses. • I put the feeders in my yard, each with the sameamount and type of food hanging in the same area for the same amount of time.

  24. What are the variables? • the color of the feeder • which bird feeder is frequented the most • amount and type of food, amount of time • the clear feeder • Independent variable: • Dependent variable: • Constant: • Control:

  25. Odds tell the Evens • What is the difference between a constant and a control?

  26. Evens tell the Odds • What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable?

  27. Bikini Bottom Experiments • Complete the Bikini Bottom Experiments Worksheet.

  28. A hypothesis is a statement that is a possible answer to a questions about things in nature or science. In order for a hypothesis to be valid, you must be able to test it and make observations about it.

  29. AHSGE Biology Bellringer #2 Date ________ Which one or ones of the following statements could be used as a hypothesis? 1. Cockroaches are repelled by cucumber slices. 2. Tauruses are luckier than Capricorns. 3. Ajax brand beige wall paint fades more quickly than Supreme brand beige wall paint. 4. Newton was the greatest 18th century scientist.

  30. AHSGE Biology Bellringer #2 Date ________ Which one or ones of the following statements could be used as a hypothesis? 1. Cockroaches are repelled by cucumber slices. 2. Tauruses are luckier than Capricorns. 3. Ajax brand beige wall paint fades more quickly than Supreme brand beige wall paint. 4. Newton was the greatest 18th century scientist. • ( 2 can’t be tested, 4 is opinion)

  31. ARW 1: Scientific Methods • Complete the Scientific Methods Active Reading Worksheet.

  32. Collect Data • Gather and record the data in a lab report or chart during the experiment. • Quantitative: involve measurements or numbers • Qualitative: does not involve numbers or measurements

  33. Quantitative Measurement • SI (metric) system:universally accepted standard of measurement • Standard: an exact quantity people agree to use for comparison (ex. meter, gram, liter)

  34. Essential Question: Why have standards of measurement? • to reproduce someone else’s results • Ex. If I say the door is three arm lengths across, what happens when you measure a table to fit through the door with your arm?

  35. Activity Have someone very tall and someone very short walk fifteen steps heel to toe. • Why is there a difference in the distance that they walked? • Are human feet a good method (standard) of measurement? Why or why not?

  36. Common Measurement Units Length/distance: meter (m) Mass: *gram (g) *SI unit mass: kilogram (kg) Volume: liter (l) Time: second (s) Temperature: *degree Celsius(˚C) *SI unit temp.: Kelvin (K) (most common base units used)

  37. Measuring Temperature • Freezing pointof water = 0˚C • Boiling pointof water = 100 ˚C • Human body temp = ≈ 37 ˚C • Room temp = ≈ 20 - 25 ˚C • Coldest possible temp or Absolute zero= 0 K (-273 ˚C) • Kelvin = °Celsius + 273 • °Celsius = Kelvin - 273

  38. Common Base Unit Prefixes kilo- k 1,000 hecto- h 100 deka- da 10 deci- d 0.1 centi- c 0.01 milli- m 0.001 micro- μ 0.000 001

  39. Metric Conversions Remember: King Henry died drinking chocolate milk. For each move right = multiply by 10 -----------------------> khda (base unit) dcm <----------------------- For each move left = divide by 10

  40. Why is it important to know how to convert measurements? • Data can be collected using a variety of tools. (Meter sticks, balances, stopwatches, etc.) • You need to be able to compare your results to a standard.

  41. Practice Problems Convert the following measurements: • 100 cm to __ m • 85 km to __ m • 365 kl to __ ml • 4,050 g to __ kg • 50 cg to __ mg

  42. Answers to Problems • 100 cm = 1 m • 85 km = 85,000 m • 365 kl = 365,000,000 ml • 4,050 g = 4.050 kg • 50 cg = 500 mg

  43. More Practice Problems Convert the following measurements: • 1 l to ____ dl • 400 cm to ____ km • 35,007 km to ____ mm • 1992 kg to ____ cg • 4,875,016 mm to ____ dam

  44. Answers to More Practice Problems • 1 l = 10 dl • 400 cm = 0.004 km • 35,007 km = 35,007,000,000 mm • 1992 kg = 199,200,000 cg • 4,875,016 mm = 487.5016 dam

  45. Measurement Practice • Complete the Measurement Practice Worksheet.

  46. AHSGE Biology Bellringer #3 Date__________ The Scientific Method is a process that scientists use to solve problems. The steps are as follows: 1. State the problem or ask a question 2. Research or make observations 3. Develop a hypothesis 4. Test the hypothesis 5. Record experimental data 6. Make a conclusion 7. Report the findings

  47. Write the number of each of the following beside the correct part of the Scientific Method: 1. Add ammonia to some cabbage juice. 2. Ammonia turns cabbage juice blue. 3. Looking up cabbage on the internet. 4. Ammonia will change the color. 5. Telling what you learned. 6. Will ammonia change the color? 7. Writing down what happens in the experiment.

  48. Write the number of each of the following beside the correct part of the Scientific Method: 6. Will ammonia change the color? 3. Looking up cabbage on the internet. 2. Ammonia turns cabbage juice blue. 1. Add ammonia to some cabbage juice. 7. Writing down what happens in the experiment. 5. Telling what you learned. 4. Ammonia will change the color.

  49. Measurement Conversion Quiz • 56,000 ml to _____ kl • 0.39 hg to _____ cg • 100 dam to _____ m • 41 mm to _____ m • 1,560 dg to _____ kg

  50. Quiz Answers • 56,000 ml to 0.056 kl • 0.39 hg to 3,900 cg • 100 dam to 1,000 m • 41 mm to 0.041 m • 1,560 dg to 0.156 kg

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