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What is a “CASE ”

What is a “CASE ”. Case indicates how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the particular form of the word itself or by the form of the words that accompany it. In German it affects more parts of the speech than in English:

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What is a “CASE ”

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  1. What is a “CASE” Case indicates how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the particular form of the word itself or by the form of the words that accompany it. In German it affects more parts of the speech than in English: • in English: pronouns, certain interrogatives • in German: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, articles In English the function of a noun in a sentence and therefore its meaning is defined by the order of the word in the sentence: • The girl gives the teacher the apple. • The teacher gives the girl the apple.

  2. “CASE”of English pronouns The function of pronouns in English is indicated not only by the word order but also by the form, i.e. the case of the pronoun: • I know them. • They know me • He seesher • Shesees him In these examples I and me / they and them / he and him / she and her are different forms - different CASES - of the same pronoun.

  3. “CASE”of English pronouns • the nominative case It is used when a pronoun is a subject or a predicate noun. • She and I went to the movie. • We enjoyed the film • It was he who spoiled the fun. • the objective case is used when a pronoun is a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition • They invited both him and me. • They send us a note. • We asked about them. • the possessive case is used when a pronoun shows ownership

  4. “CASE” in GERMAN Word order does not indicate the function of nouns within a sentence. This is indicated either by the form of the noun or the form of its definite or indefinite article: • The teacher gives the girlthe apple. • Der Lehrer gibt dem Mädchenden Apfel • The teacher gives to the girl the apple • Dem Mädchen gibt der Lehrerden Apfel. • Den Apfel gibt der Lehrer dem Mädchen The difference in function is indicated by the different forms of the article.

  5. “CASE” in GERMAN There are four different casesin German: • the nominative used for the subject of a sentence and for predicate nouns • the accusative used for most indirect objects • the dative used for indirect objects and some special verbs • the genitive used to show possession or close relation • The teacher gives the girlthe apple. • Der Lehrer gibt dem Mädchenden Apfel nominative dative accusative

  6. ACCUSATIVE As in English German pronouns used as direct objects change their form i.e. case: • I you he she it we you they • me you him her it us you them • ich du er sie es wir ihr sie • mich dich ihn sie es uns euch sie In addition in German definite and indefinite articles change: • DER DIE DAS EIN EINE EIN • DEN DIE DAS EINEN EINE EIN

  7. ACCUSATIVE • more changes: • WER (Who is that?) • WEN (Whom did yousee?) • welcher welche welches • welchen welche welches • dieser diese dieses • diesen diese dieses • kein keine kein • keinen keine kein

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