Exploring American History Unit X – Modern America

1. Exploring American HistoryUnit X – Modern America Chapter 30– Searching for Order Section 2 – America in the 1970’s

2. America in the 1970s • The Big Idea • Americans faced major challenges both at home and around the world in the 1970s. • Main Ideas • American society debated key social issues during the 1970s. • Jimmy Carter was elected president in 1976. • Carter had successes as well as failures in foreign policy during his administration.

3. Main Idea 1: American society debated key social issues during the 1970s. • The American population was changing in the 1970s. • America faced new challenges in finding ways to balance the views of all Americans. • The Equal Rights Amendment • 1972 Title IX. • In 1973 Roe v. Wade.

4. Issues of the 1970s Affirmative Action • Environment • Biologist Rachel Carson • April 22, 1970, Earth Day. • New laws. • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1970

5. Main Idea 2:Jimmy Carter was elected president in 1976. • Democratic nominee Jimmy Carter defeated Republican nominee Gerald Ford in a close 1976 election. • Carter faced many challenges. • Carter hoped to use nuclear energy to help solve energy crisis. • Three Mile Island nuclear power plant .

7. President Jimmy Carter

8. Main Idea 3:Carter had successes as well as failures in foreign policy during his administration. • Carter favored policies that promoted human rights– the basic rights and freedoms of all people. • Reduced U.S. aid • South African – apartheid • sanctions

9. Carter’s Foreign Policy • Human Rights • Soviet Relations • SALT II talks in 1979 that limited nuclear weapons Recognizing China

10. Latin America and the Soviet Union • Policy in Latin America • In 1977 Panama Canal • Relations with the Soviet Union • Détente broke down • Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Carter broke off arms talks and refused to allow athletes to participate in 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

11. Panama Canal Treaties • Why- • The U.S. had been in control of Canal since 1903 and could be forever. • Riots in Panama demanding control of canal, the biggest industry in Panama. • Panamanian Dictator Omar Torrijos threatened to blow up the canal if the U.S. didn't get out. • 1st Treaty • U.S. hands over Canal to Panama on Dec. 31, 1999 • 2nd Treaty • Canal to be neutral waterway • U.S. has permanent right to protect and defend that neutrality.

12. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan- 1979 • U.S. embargoes grain sales and technology, and culture exchanges to USSR. • U.S. and 61 other nations boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow • The Soviet stay in Afghanistan until April 14, 1988- Soviet Vietnam.

13. The Middle East • Carter worked to ease tensions in the Middle East. • In 1978 Camp David Accords. • In 1979, rebels in Iran. • On November 4, 1979 • The Iran hostage crisis lasted for more than a year.

15. Camp David Accords • Camp David Accords- 1977 • Anwar Sadat- new President of Egypt- wants peace with Israel. • Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel • President Jimmy Carter of U.S.A • All three meet at Camp David, the presidential retreat. • Sept. 17. 1978 peace agreement reached. • Other Arab nation objected and said Egypt acts alone. Arabs put a economic boycott on Egypt.

16. Iran and the United States • Shah of Iran • Improved education • Women’s rights • Improved public health • U.S. ally • but was a dictator, corrupt, and used torture to westernize • Islamic revolution • Overthrew the Shah. Shah goes to US for Cancer treatment • Ayatollah Khomeini- New Fanatical Muslim leader of Iran • Fundamental Islam • U.S. Embassy in Teheran • Our interest were oil based. • Islamic fundamentalist mob invades embassy and siezed the Americans there. • Demand return of Shah and unfreeze Iranian assets • Carter refuses the demands • Hostage Crisis- 52 for 444 days Kathryn L. Koob, 42 - Embassy Cultural Officer; one of two female hostages.