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What is Intelligence

What is Intelligence. Acting like humans: The Turing test. the Imitation Game. Turing stated that by 2000, there might be a 30% chance of a machine fooling an ordinary person for 5 minutes Suggested that AI will consist of knowledge, reasoning, language understanding and learning.

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What is Intelligence

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  1. What is Intelligence

  2. Acting like humans: The Turing test the Imitation Game • Turing stated that by 2000, there might be a 30% chance of a machine fooling an ordinary person for 5 minutes • Suggested that AI will consist of knowledge, reasoning, language • understanding and learning

  3. Thinking like humans: Cognitive Science • Information-processing psychology Theories related to the internal activities of the human brain

  4. Thinking rationally: Laws of Thought • what are correct arguments/thought processes? • ancient Greeks developed various forms of logic: notation and rules for thoughts

  5. Acting rationally What is Rational behavior? doing the right thing • What is the right thing: that which is expected to maximize goal achievement, in the light of information available, e.g. crossing the road when there are no evident hazzards- fallingobject • May not involve thinking|e.g., blinking reflex|

  6. Computer vs Brain (2003)

  7. Application Areas of AI • Game Playing Deep Blue Chess program beat world champion Gary Kasparov • Speech Recognition PEGASUS spoken language interface to American Airlines' EASY SABRE reservation system, which allows users to obtain flight information and make reservations over the telephone.

  8. AI Applications • Computer Vision • Face recognition programs in use by banks, government, etc. • The ALVINN system autonomously drove a van from Washington, D.C. to San Diego (all but 52 of 2,849 miles), averaging 63 mph day and night, and in all weather conditions. • Handwriting recognition, electronics and manufacturing inspection, photo-interpretation, baggage inspection, reverse engineering to automatically construct a 3D geometric model.

  9. Expert Systems Application-specific systems that rely on obtaining the knowledge of human experts in an area and programming that knowledge into a system. DENDRAL, mass spectrometer interpreter MYCIN, modeling medical expert Microsoft Office Assistant:- customised help to individual user

  10. Financial Decision Making Credit card companies, mortgage companies and banks AI systems detect fraud expedite financial transactions like credit checks. profiles of customer usage patterns use profiles to detect unusual patterns take appropriate action.

  11. Mathematical Theorem Proving Use inference methods to prove new theorems. • Natural Language Understanding • AltaVista translation of web pages. • Translation of Catepillar Truck manuals into 20 languages. • (Note: One early system translated the English sentence • "The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak" into the Russian equivalent of "The vodka is good but the meat is rotten.")

  12. Scheduling and Planning • Automatic scheduling for manufacturing. • American Airlines rerouting contingency planner. • European space agency planning and scheduling of spacecraft assembly, integration and verification.

  13. Intelligent Robotics • Robot Toys • Aibo, I-Cybie, LEGO etc • Robot Security • Cye robot • Robot Home Help • Lawn mower, Vacuum cleaner etc

  14. Things Artificially Intelligent Computers Are Able to Do Today • Drive a car? • Speak? • Translate from one natuaral language to another • Understand speech? • Do housework? • Make financial decisions? • …

  15. AI "Grand Challenge" • Affective systems • Translating telephone • Adaptive user interfaces • Intelligent security systems • Accident-avoiding car • Home help robot • Smart clothes • Intelligent agents that monitor and manage information by filtering, digesting, abstracting • Intelligent tutors • Self-organizing systems, e.g., that learn to assemble something by observing a human do it.

  16. Summary • Main points to remember: • AI studies the design of systems that {think, act} like {humans, rationally}. • Some of the AI successful applications: decision making, expert systems, natural language understanding, image processing.

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