Cellular Form and Function

1. Cellular Form and Function Chapter 3 Part 2

2. Membrane Permeability Diffusion through lipid bilayer __________________________________ Diffusion through channel proteins water and charged hydrophilic solutes diffuse through channel proteins

3. _________________ Diffusion of water through a membrane ____________ = channel proteins specialized for osmosis

4. Osmolarity Physiological solutions are expressed in milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L) blood plasma = _________________

5. Tonicity ___________________ solution concentration of solutes out < in cell ____________________________________________ _______________________ solution concentration of solutes in outside > than in cell ____________________________________________ ______________ solution = normal saline concentration of solutes in cell = to concentration outside cell

6. Membrane Transport Plasma membrane selectively permeable controls what enters or leaves cell _______________________________________________ movement down concentration gradient filtration and simple diffusion _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ carrier mediated (facilitated diffusion and active transport) vesicular transport

7. ______________________ Proteins carry solutes across membrane Specificity solute binds to receptor site differs from membrane enzymes because solutes are unchanged Types of carrier mediated transport ______________________________________

8. _________________________ Transport of solute across membrane down concentration gradient ___________________________________ Solute binds to carrier, it changes shape then releases solute on other side of membrane

9. _______________________ Transport of solute across membrane with or against concentration gradient _____________________ Examples: sodium-potassium pump bring amino acids into cell pump Ca2+ out of cell

10. Vesicular Transport Transport large particles or fluid droplets through membrane in vesicles uses ATP ________________ �transport out of cell Endocytosis �transport into cell _________________ � engulfing large particles _________________ � taking in fluid droplets __________________________ ___________________ � taking in specific molecules bound to receptors

11. ___________ or �Cell-Drinking� _____________________________ occurs in all human cells Membrane caves in, then pinches off into the cytoplasm as pinocytotic vesicle

12. Receptor Mediated Endocytosis _______________________________ _______________________________

13. _______________________ Secreting material or replacement of plasma membrane

14. The Cytoplasm _______________ = specialized tasks bordered by membrane nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, perioxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex not bordered by membrane ribosome, centrosome, centriole, basal bodies Cytoskeleton _______________________ Inclusions stored products

15. ___________ Largest organelle (5 ?m in diameter) _____________________ _____________________ Nucleoplasm chromatin (thread-like matter) = ________________ ________________ = dark masses where ribosomes produced

16. Parallel, flattened membranous sacs covered with ___________ ___________________ _____________________ Synthesis of packaged proteins (digestive glands) and phospholipids and proteins of plasma membrane _________________________

17. _________________________ ______________________________ Synthesis of membranes, steroids (ovary and testes) and lipids, detoxification (liver and kidney), and calcium storage (skeletal and cardiac muscle)

18. Ribosomes Granules of ____________________ found in nucleoli, free in cytosol and on rough ER __________________________________

19. __________________ System of flattened sacs (cisternae) __________________________________ __________________________________ Forms vesicles lysosomes secretory vesicles new plasma membrane

20. ____________________ Enzymes in a single unit membrane Functions ____________________________________ _______________ - digestion of worn out organelles autolysis - programmed cell death breakdown stored glycogen in liver

21. ______________________ Abundant in ________________________ neutralize free radicals, detoxify alcohol, other drugs and toxins ______________________________________ _____________________________________ breakdown fatty acids for mitochondria

22. Mitochondrion Double unit membrane ____________________________ ___________________ __________________ contains ribosomes and small, circular DNA molecule mutates ? degenerative diseases mitochondrial myopathy and encephalomyopathy _______________________________

23. ____________ Short cylinder of microtubules Two centrioles near nucleus ? centrosome _____________________________ Cilia formation

24. Cytoskeleton Collection of filaments and tubules ________________________________________ Composed of ________________________________ network in cytoplasm ? membrane skeleton support phospholipids, microvilli and produce cell movement ________________________________ holds epithelial cells together; line nuclear envelope; toughens hair and nails Microtubules

25. ____________________ _______________________ Hold organelles in place; maintain cell shape; guide organelles inside cell Component of cilia, flagella, centrioles, basal bodies and mitotic spindle Can be disassembled and reassembled

26. Inclusions No unit membrane Stored cellular products glycogen granules, pigments and fat droplets Foreign bodies ____________________________________ ____________________________________

27. Nucleus Golgi Mitochondrion Nucleolus Centrioles Vesicles Smooth ER Cytoskeleton Microvilli Plasma membrane Increase surface area Membrane bound sacs for transport Control center of cell Maintain homeostasis Framework of cell Play a roll in cell division Synthesize and package macromolecules Where ribosomes are made Makes ATP Largest membrane system in cell, make protein