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Section 9.2: What is a Test of Significance?

Section 9.2: What is a Test of Significance?. The Reasoning Behind Statistical Tests. Statistical inference uses data from a sample to draw conclusions about a population. Tests ask if sample data gives good evidence against a claim. . Null Hypothesis H o.

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Section 9.2: What is a Test of Significance?

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  1. Section 9.2: What is a Test of Significance?

  2. The Reasoning Behind Statistical Tests • Statistical inference uses data from a sample to draw conclusions about a population. • Tests ask if sample data gives good evidence against a claim.

  3. Null Hypothesis Ho • The claim being tested in a statistical test. • The test is designed to assess the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis. • Also known as a statement of “no effect” or “no difference”. • Will contain a statement of equality (≤, ≥, or =).

  4. Alternative Hypothesis Ha • The statement we hope or suspect is true (instead of the null hypothesis). • It is the complement of the null hypothesis. • Contains a statement of inequality (<, >, or ≠).

  5. How they write the statements… • Null and alternative hypotheses are written with • μ (represents the population parameter) and • k (represents the claim value) • Such as Ho: μ≥ k Ha: μ < k

  6. How would you write it??? • A radio station publicizes that its proportion of the local listening audience is greater than 39%. • Ho: μ ≤ 39% • Ha: μ > 39% • Which was the claim?

  7. How would you write it??? • A consumer analyst reports that the mean life of a certain type of car battery is 74 months. • Ho: μ = 74 months • Ha: μ ≠ 74 months • Which was the claim here? • FYI, the claim will not always be Ha.

  8. Demonstration of Ho with Basketball • If a basketball coach claims each of his players can hit 80% of their free throws, this is the null hypothesis. We will test this. • What is the alternative hypothesis? • Demonstration will use activity on www.whfreeman.com/sta • After each demonstration, we will also be given their true free throw percentage (which may or may not be 80%).

  9. Homework • Homework will be posted online…worksheet with 6 questions. This is due on block day. • Remember, if you weren’t here for the 9.1 quiz, or if I notified you that you were missing another exam, these will all be made up on block day this week before the vacation. • I will also distribute the extra credit assignment and/or post it online on block day.

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