junglebook

1. junglebook

2. THE JUNGLE BOOK (19670 production and technology • The Jungle Book (hereafter JB) was released in 1967 by Walt Disney Productions. It was created at the Walt Disney Studios • in California. Disney’s animation studio had been responsible • for developing many of the techniques and ways of working • that became standard practices of traditional cel animation, • pioneering the art of storyboarding and developing the use of • the multiplane to create an early 3-D like effect. • At the start of production JB’s storyman was Bill Peet, who complained, noting that ‘more than forty men had once been assigned to these tasks.’ 1 JB was the final film Walt Disney worked on before his death in 1966. • o Disney himself took control and changed the production team. ‘What Walt wanted was a film that was light, fun, and entertaining with happy songs - good stuff, fun stuff. He didn’t want to go anywhere near darkness’, according to animator Floyd Norman • Most of the songs for JB were written by the Sherman Brothers • Backgrounds were hand-painted – with the exception of the waterfall, mostly consisting of footage of the Angel Falls in Venezuela - and sometimes scenery was used in both foreground and bottom and filmed with the multiplane camera to create a notion of depth • JB also used xerography (rather like photocopying), copying the animator’s drawings onto a light-sensitive aluminium plate and then onto cels, unlike the old, painstaking hand-inking process, tracing them from paper drawings. The animators had to draw using thick black lines, as delicate ones couldn’t be picked up by the copier, and it affected the final art style by creating rougher, sharper lines but generally the animators were pleased

3. Media ownership

4. Hollywood • Hollywood rise • Move to Hollywood was cheaper • Technology to film movies • Fox and paramount had to flee from the east coast • The golden age of Hollywood 1910 addition of dialogue in 1920s great depression • Long term contracts for actors directors and writers – 10 years unfair • 5 studios had control over everything in 1940s – all movie industry – paramount 20th century fox warner bros etc. even the movie theatres – distribution • Had medium budgets – smaller budgets for films Casablanca still guaranteed success = demand for movies • Hollywood decline • Supreme court – paramount lost control over distribution could not have this much power • Television hurt the industry as people could stay home and watch the films • 1930s 60% 1960s – 10% - going to the movies once a week • Hollywood epic – big screens and big budgets post 1960s • Cleopatra still did not make back its budget biggest film of the world • Producers gave more control to the film makers – produced more innovative movies • Freedom making directors in charge had extreme budgets – producers tightened the grip on directors 1970s – bankruptcy • Millions on the online – had to adapt • 1990s – fantasy, drive cinematic sales not comedy's, they are becoming obsolete in comparison to Netflix streaming films do need to go to the cinema only make a few a year – massive spending in advertising – super heroes

5. Oligopoly – a sate of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers Mainstream film • The big 6 • Twentieth century fox • Universal • Warner bros • Paramount dropped out in 2016 – eone • Walt Disney • Columbia • - 83% of the films you watch are made by one of these companies

6. What does a big 6 company look like • Conglomerate; a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet • Subsidiaries – other smaller companys disney owns • Espn 80% ,abc,hisory,marvel,pixar,lucasFilm, disney channel • Disney have the rights to 7 of the highest grossing film – most money

7. Ownership why Disney bought fox Bought fox entertainment only Disney to 33.8% of the market share – all media consumed Warner bros 18% The reasons was to gain advantage over Netflix biggest competitors all profits 8 billion into original Netflix films – orange is the new black, stranger things, Ozark creating new content as well as you’re favourite shows Disney streaming service launch - already own HULU access in one place, as well as original content only available to the subscription service Monthly fee – may be high which might lead to less subscriptions to Netflix Monopolises all entertainment Harry potter - universal

8. Disney plus • Disney Plus (stylized as Disney+) is an upcoming over-the-top subscription video on-demand service owned and operated by BAMTech, a unit of the Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International division of The Walt Disney Company. It is set to launch in the United States in 2019, and will be focused on film and television content from Walt Disney Studios. Original films and TV series based on new and existing properties are also planned, including Disney, Pixar, Marvel, Star Wars, and National Geographic-based content. Disney+ might feature content from 20th Century Fox. • It is set to compete with other video streaming subscription services such as Netflix and will complement Hulu, which Disney has a 60% ownership stake in.

9. Production • Scriptwriting • Producing • Directing • Editing • CGI • SFX • Set Design • Costume • Make-Up • Casting

10. Distribution Youtube Advertising – chat shows promotions Interviews Walt Disney Home Entertainment released Jungle book on VHS in 1991 (and the UK in 1993) and on DVD in 2007. It was re-released several times on DVD and on Blue Ray – with extras or different packaging in order to pick up new buyers (e.g. the Limited Edition DVD released by Buena Vista Home Entertainment in 1999 or the Diamond line combination of Blue Ray and DVD in 2014). Occasionally Disney films are ‘vaulted’ meaning they are not available for purchase, which pushes up the demand – the Diamond edition of JB disappeared to the vault in January 2017, for example. However, the classic edition of the DVD and merchandise relating to JB are still available in Disney Stores and on the Disney website, which is marking the 50th anniversary. JB has also been released by Disney as digital downloads via iTunes, Disney Movies Anywhere, Disney Life, Amazon Video, Movies Anywhere, Google Play etc. As a company Disney was already vertically integrated at the time JB was originally released. Disney produced films at its own studios and distributed them via its own wholly owned Buena Vista Distribution Company. It was distributed in the US by the Buena Vista Distribution Company and internationally by Buena Vista International, which were owned by Walt Disney Studios . It handled theatrical distribution, marketing and promotion for films produced and released by Walt Disney. The company had diversified into theme parks, creating Disneyland, and television, and Disney had been aware of the value of merchandising from the very beginning (a visit to a famous online auction site will often show examples of early JB merchandise, for example

11. exhibition • Cinemas • Disney produced a live-action version in 1994 and an animated sequel, The Jungle Book 2, in 2003, which Disney had intended to release direct to video (under Michael Eisner a number of straight to video sequels were produced, which in turn promoted the original films). • Netflix • Premiers • Film festivals canes

12. Types of ownership • Vertical – The parent company owns multiple companies across different stages of the film industry • Horizontal - The parent company owns multiple companies at the same stage of the film industry. These are called subsidiaries. Marvel lucasfilms • Production – pixar, marvel, lucasfilm • Exhibition – Disney dvd, Disney channel, sky, Hulu, abc

13. Horizontal Integration • It may be seeking to increase its size, diversify its product offerings or services, achieve economies of scale, reduce competition, or gain access to new customers or markets. • When a company wishes to grow through a horizontal integration, it is looking to acquire a similar company in the same industry.

14. Vertical integration

15. One company owning so much of the media industry Are in charge of the prices - disadvantage

16. Media Ownership Issues - The effect on Indie film No longer an art form – just pure entertainment

17. The effect on content diversity The content produced is generic and similar, - existing franchise star wars, beauty and the beast – remake Top 4 films are a new product out of 20

18. Effect on audiences • Disney’s extensive entertainment emporium, with applied psychology found in content ranging from subliminal messaging to sexual and occult imagery, and other adult themes – all subtly placed within all of its children’s animated films.