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The SUN

Learn about the sun, its main components, and the process of nuclear fusion that powers it. Discover the different types of electromagnetic radiation, the speed of light, and the study of light through spectroscopy.

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The SUN

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  1. The SUN

  2. What is the earth’s primary source of energy? • The Sun

  3. What is the sun made of? • Gas

  4. 3. Draw the sun and label the four main parts.

  5. Photos Light

  6. Sphere Ball

  7. 6. The photosphere is the surface of the sun. What does it do? Radiates light from the sun

  8. 7. The sun’s photosphere is composed of 90%__________ and 10%_________. Hydrogen Helium Hydrogen atoms

  9. 8. Chromosphere Thin layer of hot gases

  10. 9. Corona Outermost portion of the solar atmosphere

  11. 10. Solar Wind Streams of protons and electrons that boil from the corona

  12. 11. Sunspot Dark areas on the surface of the photosphere

  13. 12. Why do sunspots appear dark? Because of their cooler temperature, 1500 k (2240.33 °F) less than the surrounding solar surface.

  14. 13. Prominences Huge cloudlike structures made of chromospheric gases

  15. 14. Solar Flare Brief outbursts of energy from a sunspot

  16. Solar Flare

  17. 15. What do solar flares release? Ultraviolet, radio, and X-ray radiation

  18. 16. What causes an Aurora? A strong solar flare

  19. 17. What is another name for an Aurora? Northern and Southern Lights

  20. 18. Deep in its interior, the sun produces energy by a process known as __________ _________. Nuclear Fusion H H

  21. 19. What happens during the process of nuclear fusion? • Four hydrogen nuclei are converted into the nucleus of a helium atom • Energy is released

  22. 20. What is Einstein’s equation and what does it mean? • E = mc2 • The energy of an object is equal to its mass X the speed of light squared

  23. LIGHT

  24. 1. Electromagnetic Radiation Types of energy. Gamma rays X-rays Ultraviolet light Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Radio waves

  25. Longer wavelength Shorter wavelength

  26. 2. Wavelength Distance from one wave crest (top) to the next.

  27. 3. Frequency The number of waves in a certain distance.

  28. 4. Electromagnetic Spectrum Arrangement of waves according to their wavelength and frequencies.

  29. 5. Speed of Light 300,000 km/s or 3.0 x 105 km/s or 3.0E5 km/s.All forms of energy waves travel at this speed.

  30. How fast is the speed of light in miles per hour? 1 km per hour = _______________ mph 0.621371192 300,000 km per second X 60 seconds = 18,000,000 km per hour 18,000,000 km per hour X 0.621371192 = 11,184,681.456 mph

  31. 6. Visible Light The band of electromagnetic radiation we can see.

  32. 7. Photon Stream of light particles, a small particle of light.

  33. 8. Radiation Pressure The force exerted by photons.Photons actually push on matter.

  34. Radiation The transfer of energy (heat) through space by electromagnetic waves.

  35. Table 1: Colors and Corresponding Wavelengths

  36. 9. Which color has the longest wavelength? RED 10. Which color has the highest frequency? VIOLET

  37. Longer wavelength = Lower Frequency Shorter wavelength = Higher Frequency More Energy

  38. Spectroscopy 24.1 The Study of Light  Absorption Spectrum • An absorption spectrum is a continuous spectrum produced when white light passes through a cool gas under low pressure. The gas absorbs selected wavelengths of light, and the spectrum looks like it has dark lines superimposed.

  39. Spectroscopy 24.1 The Study of Light  Emission Spectrum • An emission spectrum is a series of bright lines of particular wavelengths produced by a hot gas under low pressure. • When the spectrum of a star is studied, the spectral lines act as “fingerprints.” These lines identify the elements present and thus the star’s chemical composition.

  40. Formation of Spectra

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