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7. CHAPTER. Dogs. History of the Dog. Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago Many dogs descended from the wolf Ancestor of all dog family: Miacis Next came Daphaenus and Hesperocyon. From Hesperocyon came Temnocyon and Cynodesmus

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  1. 7 CHAPTER Dogs

  2. History of the Dog • Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago • Many dogs descended from the wolf • Ancestor of all dog family: Miacis • Next came Daphaenusand Hesperocyon

  3. From Hesperocyoncame Temnocyonand Cynodesmus • “Father of modern dogs”: Tomarctus • Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds

  4. The Sporting Group • Developed to help hunters pursue game • Breeds • Pointer • German Shorthaired Pointer • German Wirehaired Pointer • Labrador Retriever • English Setter • Irish Setter • Brittany • English Springer Spaniel • American Cocker Spaniel

  5. The Hound Group • One type hunts by scent, the other sight • Breeds • Afghan Hound • Basset Hound • Beagle • Black and Tan Coonhound • Bloodhound • Dachshund • American Foxhound • Greyhound • Norwegian Elkhound

  6. The Terrier Group Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds and (2) short-legged, small breeds Used for hunting rodents DandieDinmont Terrier Fox Terrier Miniature Schnauzer Skye Terrier Welsh Terrier • Breeds • Airedale Terrier • Bedlington Terrier • Border Terrier • Bull Terrier

  7. The Working Dog Group • Developed to labor or work for humans • Breeds • Alaskan Malamute • Boxer • Doberman Pinscher • Great Dane • Great Pyrenees • Standard Schnauzer • Rottweiler • Saint Bernard • Samoyed breed • Siberian Husky • Komondor

  8. The Herding Dog Group • Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock • Breeds • Collie • German Shepherd • Old English Sheepdog • Shetland Sheepdog • Welsh Corgi

  9. The Toy Dog Group • Developed as house pets and companions • Breeds • Chihuahua • Italian Greyhound • Manchester Terrier • Pekingnese • Pug • Yorkshire Terrier • Shih Tzu

  10. The Non-sporting Dogs • Developed as companions • Breeds • Boston Terrier • Bulldog • Dalmatian • Lhasa Apso • Poodle

  11. The Miscellaneous Class American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class Plott Redbone Coonhound Swedish Vallhund • Breeds • Jack Russell Terrier • Tibetan Mastiff • Beauceron

  12. The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds • Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds • Common hybrids • Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle • Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle • Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard poodle • Puggle: Female beagle and male pug • Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin

  13. Basics of Dog Feeding • Commercial foods are fast and convenient • Special groups need special feeding • Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently • Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed • Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients • Other feeding suggestions • Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding • Take care with bones

  14. Guidelines for Dog Exercise • Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals • Have dogs get physical exams • Condition dogs for strenuous exercise • Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue

  15. Methods of Dog Training • Basic training • Five basic commands starting as puppy • Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening • House-training • Praise and scold appropriately • Consider paper training • Obedience training • Start with short sessions, work longer • Use proper equipment properly

  16. Basics of Dog Grooming and Care • Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats • Bathing: Every 6-8 weeks with dog shampoo • Nails: Trim monthly • Ears: Clean monthly, no Q-tips • Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of irritants, rely on veterinary assistance • Teeth: Clean daily if possible

  17. Infectious Dog Diseases • Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue • Examples • Canine distemper • Airborne virus • Most often in 3-6 months old • Early signs vomiting and diarrhea • Dog will eventually die • Can be prevented by frequent vaccination

  18. Infectious canine hepatitis • Highly contagious virus – canine adenovirus • Virus targets liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs • More common in young dogs • Lethargic, fever, thirsty, moaning • Gums may have yellow tint • Recover or die within 36 hours after initial signs • Can be prevented with frequent vaccinations

  19. Leptospirosis • Bacteria • Zoonotic • Contracted through infected rodent urine • High fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea • Treated with antibiotics • Can be prevented with yearly vaccination

  20. Canine parvovirus infection • Virus in infected feces • Vomiting and bloody diarrhea • Deaths occur within 48 to 72 hours of symptoms • More common in unvaccinated puppies • Some breeds more succeptible • Can be prevented with frequent vaccination

  21. Infectious tracheobronchitis – Kennel cough • Bacterial • Highly contagious especially in closed setting – kennel, groomers • Coughing • Treated with antibiotics • Can be prevented with yearly vaccination

  22. Rabies • Virus • Zoonotic • Two types • Furious • Unnaturally withdrawn or overly affectionate (lasts 2 days) • Mad stage – attacks anything • wandering • Dumb • Paralysis of lower jaw – drooling • Paralysis of limbs and eventually vital organs • Will die • Can be prevented with frequent vaccination

  23. Noninfectious Dog Diseases • Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases • Examples • Heart disease • Cataracts • Glaucoma • Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) • Cherry eye • Hip dysplasia

  24. Fungal Dog Diseases • Ringworm • One of most common fungal diseases • Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and wild rodents • Systemic fungal infections • Blastomycosis • Histoplasmosis • Coccidioidomycosis

  25. Internal Dog Parasites • Roundworms • Hookworms • Whipworms • Tapeworms • Heartworms

  26. External Dog Parasites • Fleas • Ticks • Lice • Mites • Chiggers

  27. Poisonings • Insecticides • Plants • Household chemicals • Herbicides • Medications • Metal poisonings • Antifreeze

  28. Reproduction • Females – first estrus between 6 and 12 months of age • During mating dogs “tie” • Male’s penis swells inside female • Dogs will stand rear to rear • DO NOT try to separate dogs when they are in this stage – will cause harm to them • Gestation 63 days on average • Wean puppies after 6 weeks

  29. Un-neutered males can get testicular cancer • Can be more aggressive • Will have a tendency to roam in search of mate • Un-neutered females can get breast cancers • Pseudopregnancy – female will “act” pregnant but is not • Can get pyometra – infected uterus • Must have surgery to spay or dog will die

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