End of the Civil War

1. April 9, 1865 at a private home in a Virginian village called Appomattox Court House: General Lee surrendered his Confederate forces. End of the Civil War

2. Is Kayne right? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIUzLpO1kxI

3. http://money.cnn.com/2012/06/21/news/economy/wealth-gap-race/http://money.cnn.com/2012/06/21/news/economy/wealth-gap-race/ http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0697.pdf How is this possible???

4. African-Americans constitute nearly 1 million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated population. African-Americans are incarcerated at nearly 6 times the rate of whites. Why is this, why is this happening, what is the cause? 1 in 5 African-American men had been incarcerated as of 2011. If this trend continues, 1 in 3 African-American males born today can expect to spend time in prison during his lifetime. Nationwide, African-Americans represent 26% of juvenile arrests, 44% of youth who are detained, 46% of the youth who are judicially waived to criminal court, and 58% of the youth admitted to state prisons. The unemployment rate for African-American is over 3 million, and is 16% of the total unemployment statistics. The poverty rates:African-Americans - 28% all other races - 11% Answer: Slavery & Ineffective Reconstruction Over 13 million Americans are on welfare, of that over 40% are African-Americans.

5. Does America Have Equality Today?

6. Actually son, you’re an embarrassment to the South!!! Why does everyone hate me? Andrew Johnson Don’t punish the South just punish that little coward Booth for what he did. I can’t even look at that idiot Booth. Why won’t people listen to me and my plans for slow change in Reconstruction policy. I will be the biggest enemy of the KKK!!! For the record, Booth you’re an idiot!!! Abraham Lincoln The black man needs to start in the trades and work himself up in society. Robert E. Lee Hey Johnson, don’t feel bad because I sucked at being President too!!! I was the best General the Union had though. We need gutsy radical changes in America. We also need to get rid of that good for nothing Pres. Johnson Booker T. Washington I believe we must have a heavily educated class of black elites that advance the race. Hiram Revels I am so glad the war is over I hated being Pres. of the Confederacy Frederick Douglass I’m a Hero!!! Thaddeus Stevens ? Jefferson Davis W.E.B. Dubois Ulysses S Grant

7. Reconstructing America The time period from 1865 to 1877. This was the period where the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War. This process had to readmit the defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Radical Republicans want drastic changes in the South with laws that will ensure the rights of African Americans. They wanted to give African Americans the right to vote and hold political office. Do you see a problem here? Lincoln does not want radical changes because he is afraid that it will be counter productive. Before he can make a influence on the politics of Reconstruction he is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. Lincoln is assassinated!!! 1865 Lincoln’s successor will be Vice President Andrew Johnson who is a friend to neither the Radical Republicans or the old Confederacy and he is also a proponent of states rights, however when he takes over he does not make any radical changes.

8. Radical Changes or Not? That is the Question • Thaddeus Stevens is a Radical Republican representative from Pennsylvania that emerges as the leader and most outspoken member of the radicals. • They want blacks to have voting rights, land rights, and protection under the federal law. • They also felt that Johnson gave to many powers to the states that allowed them to make their own laws without influence or interference from the federal government. What will the South do next with blacks in their territories. • They are able to influence Congress enough to pass the 14th Amendment in 1866 that provided citizenship to all people born in the US and protected them with the Constitution. • 15th Amendment will state that no one can be kept from voting because of race color or previous condition of servitude. It was ratified in 1870.

9. Burial The officer in charge shall not bury, or allow to be buried, any colored persons upon ground set apart or used for the burial of white persons. Georgia Parks It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of colored persons. Georgia Prisons The warden shall see that the white convicts shall have separate apartments for both eating and sleeping from the negro convicts. Mississippi Telephone Booths The Corporation Commission is hereby vested with power and authority to require telephone companies...to maintain separate booths for white and colored patrons when there is a demand for such separate booths. That the Corporation Commission shall determine the necessity for said separate booths only upon complaint of the people in the town and vicinity to be served after due hearing as now provided by law in other complaints filed with the Corporation Commission. Oklahoma Barbers No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. Georgia Child Custody It shall be unlawful for any parent, relative, or other white person in this State, having the control or custody of any white child, by right of guardianship, natural or acquired, or otherwise, to dispose of, give or surrender such white child permanently into the custody, control, maintenance, or support, of a negro. South Carolina The Blind The board of trustees shall...maintain a separate building...on separate ground for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all blind persons of the colored or black race. Louisiana Mental Hospitals The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients, so that in no case shall Negroes and white persons be together. Georgia Nurses No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. Alabama Buses All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races. Alabama Railroads The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs. Alabama Restaurants It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment. Alabama Toilet Facilities, Male Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible and separate toilet facilities. Alabama Intermarriage The marriage of a person of Caucasian blood with a Negro, Mongolian, Malay, or Hindu shall be null and void. Arizona Cohabitation Any negro man and white woman, or any white man and negro woman, who are not married to each other, who shall habitually live in and occupy in the nighttime the same room shall each be punished by imprisonment not exceeding twelve (12) months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred ($500.00) dollars. Florida Education The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately. Florida Failure of Reconstruction • Because of the excessive state power granted during the Johnson administration the black codes form. They are laws in the South that severely restricted the lives of African Americans. • They would prohibit blacks from carrying weapons, serving on juries, testifying against whites, starting their own businesses, and traveling without permits. • The South hated scalawags and carpetbaggers. Scalawags were Southerners that joined the Republican party to enforce northern laws, and carpetbaggers were Northerners that moved to the South after the Civil War to gain property and power in politics. • They form the KKK that will try to combat what the South feels is Northern oppression. The KKK becomes well known for their intimidating antics and brutality against all that oppose their white way of life. • They also begin the policy of lynching that brings fear to blacks all over the South.

10. Lynching: A White American Tradition

12. THE SOUTH!“Had to redeem the South” We’ve nicknamed our social club the “KKK” SO THEY START A “SOCIAL CLUB” Some of this may be disturbing…But it is important to understand!

13. Ku Klux Klan • Starts as a “social club” • Want to remain secret • Elite Rich White guys of the South • Heads of State • Business Men • “Normal Guys” • Ministers • Priests

14. KKKBegins LYNCHING African Americans Serves 4 purposes for Southern Whites: • Maintains social order over black population through terrorism 2. Eliminates AA competitors for econ/social/political rewards 3. Preserves the status of Elites 4. Symbolic of White Unity

15. The Reasons Given for Black Lynchings • Acting suspiciously • Gambling • Quarreling • Adultery • Grave robbing • Race hatred; Race troubles • Aiding murderer • Improper with white woman • Rape • Arguing with white man • Incest • Arson Inciting to riot • Resisting mob • Assassination • Inciting trouble • Robbery • Attempted murder • Indolence • Running a bordello • Banditry • Inflammatory language • Sedition • Being disreputable • Informing • Slander • Being obnoxious • Injuring livestock • Spreading disease • Boasting about riot • Insulting white man • Miscegenation • Trying to vote • Disorderly conduct • Mistaken identity • Unpopularity • Eloping with white woman • Molestation • Unruly remarks • Entered white woman's room • Murder • Using obscene language • Stealing • Burglary • Insulting white woman • Suing white man • Child abuse • Insurrection • Swindling • Conjuring • Kidnapping • Terrorism • Courting white woman • Killing livestock • Testifying against white man • Criminal assault • Living with whitewoman • Throwing stones • Cutting levee • Looting • Train wrecking • Defending rapist • Making threats • Trying to colonize blacks • Demanding respect • Enticement • Non-sexual assault • Vagrancy • Extortion • Peeping Tom • Violated quarantine • Fraud • Pillage • Voodooism • Plotting to kill • Voting for wrong party • Frightening white woman • Poisoning well

16. “2 A WEEK…1880-1920” 52 x 2 x 40 = @4,000 accounted for… but definitely more! GA, AL, MI, LA considered the “Black Belt” Like a sporting event… Souvenirs sold of body parts If you missed one you can always buy a postcard like this….→→→

20. Racism of the North Heart of America Lynchings in the Even in the C.L.

26. 1877… THE NORTHERN RR’s AND THE FEDS GIVE UP • Reconstruction ends • Northerners are “tired” of fighting for the South. • They want to put the Civil War “behind them” • Federal Government pulls out of South • KKK Dominates • AA’s lose ALL rights • Jim Crow Laws set in… What does this mean for Southern African Americans?

27. As a whole, the experience for AA was not what they had dreamed of. Initial gains were taken away and in many ways life was worseafter the war than before. Many people were stuck in poverty and the effects are still felt today.

28. SO…WAS “RECONSTRUCTION” A FAILURE OR A SUCCESS? Who REALLY won the CIVIL WAR?!? The North who preserved the Union? Or the South who, eventually, preserved their “way of life”? (aka: their rights)

29. Pre-Civil War Slave Quarters

30. Georgia Sharecroppers Currently Do you see any difference?!?

32. Does The KKK Exist Today? YES!

33. Places &Chapters Beardstown · Brotherhood of Klans Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan Berwyn · Brotherhood of Klans Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan Bloomington · Creativity Movement Neo-Nazi Chicago · "Church of the Restoration of Israel, The" Christian Identity Chicago . American Renaissance/New Century Foundation Other Chicago · Council of Conservative Citizens Other Chicago · National Alliance Neo-Nazi Chicago · National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan Chicago · TCB Hate Crew Racist Skinhead Granite City · Council of Conservative Citizens Other Joliet · Creativity Movement Neo-Nazi North Riverside · National Socialist Movement Neo-Nazi Prospect Heights · Brotherhood of Klans Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan Schiller Park · National Socialist Movement Neo-Nazi Springfield · Imperial Klans of America Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan Troy · Brotherhood of Klans Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan In Illinois Currently

34. Tightrope http://www.tightrope.cc/catalog/ A Really Disturbing Website

35. “The white men were roused by a mere instinct of self-preservation... until at last there had sprung into existence a great Ku Klux Klan, a veritable empire of the South, to protect the Southern country.” WOODROW WILSON KKK