End of the Civil War and Reconstruction

1. End of the Civil War and Reconstruction Chapter 4; Sections 2ish, 3 & 4

2. Civil War Territories

3. A Nation Split in Two • Confederacy • Texas • Louisiana • Mississippi • Alabama • Georgia • Florida • South Carolina • Tennessee • North Carolina • Virginia • Arkansas

4. North Advantages • 24 states vs. 11 Confederate states • 22 million ppl vs. 9 million ppl (draft) • 180,000 African Americans • Industrialization • Supplies • Wagons, horses, ships, food and railroads

5. South Advantage • Military • Geography • More experienced generals

6. Union’s Strategy • 3-Part Plan • Block southern ports • Capture Confederate capital (Richmond) • Spit the Confederacy in two

7. Civil War Battles to Know • Bull Run • 1st battle of the war • Confederates win • Battle of Shiloh • 2 day total of 20,000 casualties • Union win • Antietam • Gettysburg • Vicksburg • Cut Confederacy in half • Union • Sherman’s March

8. Battle of Gettysburg • Most decisive battle of the War • South could no longer invade the North • Broke General Lee’s invincibility • Three-day battle losses: • 23,000 Union men • 28,000 Confederate men

9. Gettysburg Address • November 19, 1863 • “Re-made America” • Dedication ceremony of military cemetary • Not a collection, but a union of states

10. Appomattox Courthouse • Confederacy surrenders April 9, 1865 • Grant paroled Lee’s soldiers and sent home with rations • After four months, the war ends

12. The First Modern War • 1 out of 12 American males served • Average age = 25 • 620,000 ppl died • Disease killed two times as battle • 50,000 soldiers had amputations • New, modern weaponry

13. Misc. Effects of Civil War • “In God We Trust” • 1862 • First income tax • Outbreak of syphilis

14. By the Numbers • 360,000 Union soldiers • 260,000 Confederate soldiers • Nearly equal to total number of deaths in American wars COMBINED

18. Effects • South devastated • 13th Amendment • 14th Amendment • 15th Amendment

31. 13th Amendment 1865

32. 14th Amendment 1866

33. 15th Amendment

34. Lincoln’s Assassination • April 14, 1865 • Ford’s Theatre • John Wilkes Booth • 7 million Americans paid their respects

38. Reconstruction • 1865-1877 • Rebuilding period after the Civil War • Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction plan • Pardoned all Confederates • Allowed southern states to re-enter the Union • Andrew Johnson’s plan attempted to exclude Confederates from voting

39. Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Southern states divided into military districts • Southern states had to pass 14th Amendment • Southern states had to give African Americans the right to vote

41. Andrew Johnson • Eliminated 10% Plan • Vetoed Freedmen’s Bureau Act • Vetoed Civil Rights Act • Violated Tenure of Office Act • Impeached 1868 (11 charges), but not removed from office

42. White Terror • Opposition to Reconstruction • Klu Klux Klan • 1866 • Intimidate Republicans and free blacks • Get rid of Republican government (carpetbaggers and scalawags) • Poor farmers and middle-class businessmen • Would be revived later in the 1920s

45. End of Reconstruction • 1877 • Re-establishment of conservative government in southern states

46. Advancements for Freed Slaves • Right to vote • (500,000 votes for Grant) • Government positions • Hiram Revels • Schools • Atlanta University • Howard University • Fisk University