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Explore the history of the Confederate States of America, their fight against the Union in the Civil War, and the subsequent Reconstruction period. Learn about key figures like Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee, pivotal events such as the Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address, and the ultimate surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.
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Formal name of the nation formed by the states in the South formed after seceding from the United States • Also known as the Confederacy • Fought against the Northern union states in the Civil War • Original capital was in Richmond, Virginia, although capital was later moved to Montgomery, Alabama when Union troops controlled Virginia • Lacked the industrial infrastructure to support a full scale war against the Union • Led by president Jefferson Davis • Military was led by General Robert E. Lee
American military installation in Charleston (South Carolina) Harbor • Confederate States of America troops began the Civil War by firing on a Union ship attempting to bring fresh supplies to the soldiers stationed there.
Also known as the War Between the States • Military conflict between the United States (the Union) and the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy) • Fought from 1861-1865; bloodiest war in American history • Abraham Lincoln served as president of the United States during the war • Jefferson Davis served as president of the Confederate States of America; Robert E. Lee led the Confederate Army, while Ulysses S. Grant was the last in a series of generals to command Union forces • The Union eventually won the war, which led to the ratification of the Civil War amendments, the abolition of slavery, and the onset of Reconstruction
The Anaconda Plan was proposed in 1861 by Union General Winfield Scott to win the American Civil War with minimal loss of life, enveloping the Confederacy by blockade at sea and control of the Mississippi River. • Blockade the coast of the South to prevent the export of cotton, tobacco, and other cash crops from the South and to keep them from importing much-needed war supplies. • Divide the South by controlling the Mississippi River to cut off the southeastern states from the West. • Scott considered this an "envelopment" rather than an "invasion", although it would require armies and fleets of river gunboats to accomplish it.
Virginian • Military Leader of the Confederate States of America
Famous 1863 speech by Abraham Lincoln • Delivered at the dedication of a cemetery for the dead soldiers who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War • Extraordinarily short; contains the famous phase about eh United States having a “Government of the people, by the people, for the people.”
1863 edict released by President Abraham Lincoln • It matched the shift in public opinion in the North toward abolitionism without actually freeing any slaves, because it officially declared slavery over in all land controlled by the Confederate States of America, where Lincoln’s laws did not hold sway • Did weaken the Confederacy by encouraging blacks to flee for the North • Also increased morale in the Union, increased foreign support for the Union, and provided a first step to abolishing slavery with the 13th Amendment • Earned Lincoln the nickname of “The Great Emancipator”
On April 9, 1865 after four years of Civil War, approximately 630,000 deaths and over 1 million casualties, General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, at the home of Wilmer and Virginia McLean in the rural town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
one of the last major events in the American Civil War, took place on April 14, 1865. • President Abraham Lincoln was shot while attending a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre with his wife and two guests. • Lincoln died the following day in the home of William Petersen , at 7:22 am • Secretary of State William H. Seward was attacked on the same day as Lincoln. His assailant, Lewis Powell, also attacked several other members of Seward's household. However, all of Powell's victims survived. • Lincoln’s assassin, actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth, had also planned the attack on Seward. Booth hoped to overthrow the Federal government by assassinating Lincoln, Seward, and Vice President Andrew Johnson. • Though Booth succeeded in killing Lincoln, the larger plot failed. • Seward would recover from his wounds, and Johnson's potential assassin simply left Washington when it was learned he was not home.
Term used to describe the years between 1865 and 1877, after the Civil War but before the resumption of normal operations of the United States • Required Congress to set requirements for the re-admission of the Confederate States of America to the United States • Abraham Lincoln advocated allowing the Southern states back into the Union without too many punitive measures, but he was assassinated before he could implement his plans • His successor, Andrew Johnson, was ineffectual and seen as far too favorably inclined toward the South • Over the objections of Andrew Johnson, Congress enforced a series of harsh laws known as Radical Reconstruction • Required each state to ratify the Civil War Amendments as a condition of re-admission to the Union • Also established the Freedmen’s Bureau, which was not as effective as planned, leaving many free blacks to engage in sharecropping • Continued during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant • Ended after the election of Rutherford B. Hayes • Also saw the introduction and rapid spread of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
A system that arose during Reconstruction • Freed blacks who had no land cooperated with land owners who needed labor in the absence of Slavery, who agreed that blacks would farm the land and would pay rent by readmitting a portion of the harvest to the land owner • This system kept blacks in crushing poverty, preventing them from leaving the south or moving up in society
Term for a series of laws pushed through Congress over the objection of Andrew Johnson • Established punitive treatment of the former Confederate States of America • Allowed the Freedmen’s Bureau to use force in meeting its goals • Required states in the South to ratify the Civil War Amendments as a condition of readmission to the Union • Was weakened during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant • Ended when Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated as president in 1877
Became President when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated • A southern slave owner who favored a mild plan for Reconstruction • Had numerous run-ins with congress, eventually leading to impeachment proceedings against him(he was not charged) • Over his objections, Congress instituted Radical Reconstruction
Collective moniker for the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments • 13th Amendment abolished slavery • 14th Amendment granted African American men citizenship and guaranteed all citizens equal protection under the law • 15th Amendment granted African American men over the age of 21 the right to vote • As a condition of readmission into the Union during Reconstruction, the members of the Confederate States of America had to ratify these Amendments
Federal agency created during Reconstruction • Provided newly freed blacks with help procuring food, clothing, education, and employment • Also served to help protect blacks’ civil rights • Was not overwhelmingly effective • Was extremely unpopular with whites in the South
Derogatory term for northerners who moved south during Reconstruction to make a profit.
Extremely successful military leader of the Confederate States of America army • After the Civil War, he founded the Ku Klux Klan
A secret society organized by whites in the south after the Civil War in response to the Civil War Amendments and Radical Reconstruction; organized by Nathan Bedford Forest • Used violence to drive out carpetbaggers and to intimidate blacks • KKK members famously wore white robes and white pointed hoods to disguise themselves • Later evolved to be anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish, as well as anti-black • Still exists today
Final general to control all union forces during the civil war • Received command in 1864 • After he captured Richmond Virginia in April 1865, Robert .E Lee, military leader of the Confederate States of America, surrendered at Appomattox courthouse, Virginia • elected president in 1868 and again in 1872 • Oversaw most of Reconstruction
African Americans who moved from the post Reconstruction South to Kansas.
This was a movement to gain more political and economical power for common people
Elected president in 1876 (in a closely contested election that was deadlocked in the electoral collage and was therefore decided in the House of Representatives) • Won fewer popular votes (and fewer electoral votes) than his opponent-Samuel Tilden- but was elected as part of a political compromise • Ended Reconstruction when he took office in 1877 • First Democrat elected after the Civil War
A system of laws that collectively mandated Segregation in all areas of life from that 1880’s to the 1960’s • These laws were deemed constitutional by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson(1896), and then deemed unconstitutional in a series of cases decided by the Warren Court in the 1950’s
