Civil War Reconstruction

1. Civil War Reconstruction All information taken from the curriculum guide; images from a variety of Google images, hammerheads reconstruction PowerPoint

2. Leaders of Reconstruction Lincoln Robert E. Lee Frederick Douglass -Reconstruction plan -Urged Southerners to reconcile -Fought for the adoption of called for reconciliation at the end of the war and reunited constitutional amendment as Americans when some wanted that guaranteed voting rights -Preservation of the to continue to fight Union was more - Powerful voice for human important than -Became President of Washington rights and civil liberties for punishing the South College which is now Washington all and Lee University -malice towards none, with -Former slave charity for all, let us bind - He supported Andrew Johnson’s up the nation’s wounds. plan for Reconstruction (very lenient) Lincoln isAssassinated in 1865 -and Andrew Johnson takes office.

3. Reconstruction Policies and Problems Problems • Southern military leaders could not hold office • African Americans could hold public office • Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers,” who took advantage of the South during Reconstruction • Carpetbagger: name given to many Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War and supported the African Americans.

4. Reconstruction Policies and Problems Policies • Northern soldiers supervised the South (military districts). Reconstruction policies were harsh and created problems in the South • African Americans gained equal rights as a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which authorized the use of federal troops for its enforcement • Freedman’s Bureau established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South • Freedmen’s Bureau: • Created by Congress in 1865 to help the slaves. • Provided them with food and clothing. • Helped them find jobs • Helped establish schools to provide them with an education.

5. Aside from basic relief efforts, what other services did the Freedman’s Bureau provide? Education, food, land, work

6. Civil War Amendments • 13thAmendment: bans slavery in the United States and many of its territories (1865) • 14th Amendment: grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law (1868) • 15thAmendment: ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or previous condition of servitude (1870) These three amendments guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens.

7. THE BLACK CODES Southern states refused to accept the principles of the 13th Amendment. Many southern states passed… • Laws that prevented African Americans from: • Gaining political, social and economic freedom • Voting • Owning guns • Serving on juries • Living in towns • Traveling without permits

8. Radical Republicans • Republican Congressmen that felt Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plan were too lenient • Mostly northerners • They believed the Southshould be punished • They saw the South as traitors. • Outraged by Black Codes • They wanted Blacks to have full equality.

9. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • South Divided into Military Districts • Army gains power to run elections and register voters • write new constitutions with Universal Adult Male Suffrage • States had to ratify 14th amendment

10. Military Districts