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The Civil War and Reconstruction

The Civil War and Reconstruction. Texas History Chapters 15 and 16. Issues Divide the Country. The new Republican Party was supported in the North. Republican Party. Against slavery Believed the South was responsible for the depression Wanted a tariff, homestead act and other improvements.

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The Civil War and Reconstruction

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  1. The Civil War and Reconstruction Texas History Chapters 15 and 16

  2. Issues Divide the Country • The new Republican Party was supported in the North

  3. Republican Party • Against slavery • Believed the South was responsible for the depression • Wanted a tariff, homestead act and other improvements

  4. South Disagrees • Southerners believed a victory for the Republican Party would mean the end of slavery and the Southern way of life

  5. South Disagrees • If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union

  6. South Disagrees • Most of the delegates to the Texas convention after the 1860 election favored secession

  7. Secession • Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the Confederate States of America

  8. Secession • Texas Secession Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy

  9. Secession The Confederate Constitution gave more power to the states and legalized slavery.

  10. Houston Disagrees Governor of Texas, Sam Houston, refusedto take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy

  11. Houston Disagrees When Houston refused to take oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the convention declared the office of governor vacant.

  12. UNIONISTS • Some Texans who supported the United States joined the Union army. • Vigilantes, unauthorized police for an area, hanged 40 suspected Unionists at Gainesville.

  13. New Presidents • Abraham Lincoln was elected the President of the United States in 1860 • Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederacy

  14. War Begins • April 12, 1861: Union troops refuse to evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina • Confederates opened fire, beginning the Civil War

  15. Texans Go To War • Conscription: the forced enrollment of people into military service • More than 60,000 Texans joined the Confederacy

  16. Texans Go To War Conscription was unfair to small farmers because it allowed for the hiring of substitutes.

  17. Fighting for Galveston • Vital to Confederate chain of supplies • Union navy blockaded ports • Union wanted to capture Galveston because it was a busy seaport

  18. Blockade Despite the blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe via Mexico.

  19. Battle of Sabine Pass • Union troops attempted to capture Houston and Galveston • The Confederate Davis Guards at Sabine Pass captured the Union troops and 2 ships

  20. Battle of Sabine Pass • Important victory for the Confederacy; prevented Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas

  21. Texas Blocks Union Invasion • Union forces had captured New Orleans in 1864 • Union forces launched Texas invasion from New Orleans • Texas, Louisiana, Missouri and Arkansas troops took 2,000 Union troops prisoner

  22. Terry’s Texas Rangers • Officially known as the 8th Texas Calvary Regiment • Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War

  23. Civil War Women • Women did most of farm work, along with children and slaves • Women served as nurses; Rosanna Osterman • Women sewed uniforms and other clothing

  24. Shortages • Homespun clothing made of coarse fabric • Substitutes for coffee and tea • Lack of medicines,paper, salt, flour

  25. Civil War Ends April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia

  26. Civil War Ends • Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil War. • Texans learned from Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier

  27. Union is Preserved • The North’s victory meant the Union of the United States had been preserved. • Slavery ended • More than 600,000 soldiers died

  28. Reconstruction • The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War

  29. Reconstruction Population boomed because Texas had largely been spared the destruction suffered by most of the South.

  30. Ironclad Oath • To regain the right to vote, Southern citizens were required to take an oath of allegiance to the United States • Ironclad Oath: stated they had not voluntarily served in the Confederate Army or aided the Confederacy. • Kept many Southerners from voting

  31. Problems • Money was scarce • Bitterness between citizens from the North and South

  32. Emancipation Proclamation • Freed slaves in the Confederate states • Most African Americans did not learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until two years later

  33. Juneteenth Union General Granger landed at Galveston on June 19, 1865 and issued General Order #3 proclaiming all enslaved Texans were free.

  34. Freedmen • Former Slaves • Freedmen’s Bureau created to assist newly freed slaves

  35. Congress Takes Control • Texas legislature refused to ratify or approve • 13th amendment: abolished slavery • 14th amendment: granted citizenship to former slaves

  36. Black Codes • Laws limiting the rights of African Americans • Texas constitution of 1866 failed to give African Americans the right to vote

  37. Radical Republicans • Republicans who disagreed with U.S. President Johnson • Set stricter standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union

  38. Radical Republicans • Voted to impeach President Johnson; he lost influence but not his office

  39. Southerners Oppose Reconstruction Former Confederates thought Radical Republicans’ plan was too harsh

  40. Southerners Oppose Reconstruction • Scalawag: Southern whites who supported Reconstruction • Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction • Ku Klux Klan: used violence to prevent African Americans from voting

  41. Democrats Win Election • Democrats kept many African Americans from voting for Texas governor in 1873 • Richard Coke, from Waco, won election

  42. Democrats Win Election • African Americans were most likely to vote for Republicans

  43. Reconstruction Ends • U.S. President Grant signed proclamation ending Reconstruction in 1870.

  44. Review Question • The North’s victory in the Civil War meant • The South seceded • Slavery was legalized • The Union was preserved

  45. Review Question • The North’s victory in the Civil War meant • The South seceded • Slavery was legalized • The Union was preserved

  46. Review Question • Most delegates in the Texas convention after the 1860 election • A. favored secession • B. opposed secession • C. had no opinion about secession

  47. Review Question • Most delegates in the Texas convention after the 1860 election • A. favored secession • B. opposed secession • C. had no opinion about secession

  48. Review Question • Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the • A. Whig Party • B. Republican Party • C. Confederate States of America

  49. Review Question • Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the • A. Whig Party • B. Republican Party • C. Confederate States of America

  50. Review Question • Many African Americans didn’t learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until _____ years later. • A. Two • B. Three • C. Four

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